Appendix A: The Periodic Table
Below, please find the periodic table of the elements in table/text format.
Periodic Table of Elements in Tabular Format
Period (Row) |
Group (Column) |
Atomic Number |
Symbol |
Name |
Atomic Mass |
State of Matter at Room Temperature |
Type of Element |
Family |
Common Ion |
Valence Electrons |
Outer Shell Electron Configuration |
Electronegativity Values |
1 |
1 |
1 |
H |
Hydrogen |
1.008 |
gas |
nonmetal |
– |
H+ |
1 |
1s1 |
2.1 |
1 |
18 |
2 |
He |
Helium |
4.003 |
gas |
nonmetal |
Noble gas |
no ion |
2 |
1s2 |
– |
2 |
1 |
3 |
Li |
Lithium |
6.94 |
solid |
metal |
Alkali metal |
Li+ |
1 |
2s1 |
1.0 |
2 |
2 |
4 |
Be |
Beryllium |
9.01 |
solid |
metal |
Alkaline earth metal |
Be2+ |
2 |
2s2 |
1.5 |
2 |
13 |
5 |
B |
Boron |
10.81 |
solid |
metalloid |
– |
|
3 |
2s22p1 |
2.0 |
2 |
14 |
6 |
C |
Carbon |
12.01 |
solid |
nonmetal |
– |
C4- |
4 |
2s22p2 |
2.5 |
2 |
15 |
7 |
N |
Nitrogen |
14.01 |
gas |
nonmetal |
Pnictogen |
N3- |
5 |
2s22p3 |
3.0 |
2 |
16 |
8 |
O |
Oxygen |
16.00 |
gas |
nonmetal |
Chalcogen |
O2- |
6 |
2s22p4 |
3.5 |
2 |
17 |
9 |
F |
Fluorine |
19.00 |
gas |
nonmetal |
Halogen |
F– |
7 |
2s22p5 |
4.0 |
2 |
18 |
10 |
Ne |
Neon |
20.18 |
gas |
nonmetal |
Noble gas |
no ion |
8 |
2s22p6 |
– |
3 |
1 |
11 |
Na |
Sodium |
22.99 |
solid |
metal |
Alkali metal |
Na+ |
1 |
3s1 |
0.9 |
3 |
2 |
12 |
Mg |
Magnesium |
24.30 |
solid |
metal |
Alkaline earth metal |
Mg2+ |
2 |
3s2 |
1.2 |
3 |
13 |
13 |
Al |
Aluminum |
26.98 |
solid |
metal |
– |
Al3+ |
3 |
3s23p1 |
1.5 |
3 |
14 |
14 |
Si |
Silicon |
28.08 |
solid |
metalloid |
– |
|
4 |
3s23p2 |
1.8 |
3 |
15 |
15 |
P |
Phosphorus |
30.97 |
solid |
nonmetal |
Pnictogen |
P3- |
5 |
3s23p3 |
2.1 |
3 |
16 |
16 |
S |
Sulfur |
32.06 |
solid |
nonmetal |
Chalcogen |
S2- |
6 |
3s23p4 |
2.5 |
3 |
17 |
17 |
Cl |
Chlorine |
35.45 |
gas |
nonmetal |
Halogen |
Cl– |
7 |
3s23p5 |
3.0 |
3 |
18 |
18 |
Ar |
Argon |
39.79 |
gas |
nonmetal |
Noble gas |
no ion |
8 |
3s23p6 |
– |
4 |
1 |
19 |
K |
Potassium |
39.10 |
solid |
metal |
Alkali metal |
K+ |
1 |
4s1 |
0.8 |
4 |
2 |
20 |
Ca |
Calcium |
40.08 |
solid |
metal |
Alkaline earth metal |
Ca2+ |
2 |
4s2 |
1.0 |
4 |
3 |
21 |
Sc |
Scandium |
44.96 |
solid |
metal |
Transition metal |
|
|
4s23d1 |
1.3 |
4 |
4 |
22 |
Ti |
Titanium |
47.87 |
solid |
metal |
Transition metal |
|
|
4s23d2 |
1.5 |
4 |
5 |
23 |
V |
Vanadium |
50.94 |
solid |
metal |
Transition metal |
|
|
4s23d3 |
1.6 |
4 |
6 |
24 |
Cr |
Chromium |
52.00 |
solid |
metal |
Transition metal |
Cr3+ Cr6+ |
|
4s13d5 |
1.6 |
4 |
7 |
25 |
Mn |
Manganese |
54.94 |
solid |
metal |
Transition metal |
Mn2+ |
|
4s23d5 |
1.5 |
4 |
8 |
26 |
Fe |
Iron |
55.85 |
solid |
metal |
Transition metal |
Fe2+ Fe3+ |
|
4s23d6 |
1.8 |
4 |
9 |
27 |
Co |
Cobalt |
58.93 |
solid |
metal |
Transition metal |
Co2+ |
|
4s23d7 |
1.9 |
4 |
10 |
28 |
Ni |
Nickel |
58.69 |
solid |
metal |
Transition metal |
Ni2+ |
|
4s23d8 |
1.9 |
4 |
11 |
29 |
Cu |
Copper |
63.55 |
solid |
metal |
Transition metal |
Cu+ Cu2+ |
|
4s13d10 |
1.9 |
4 |
12 |
30 |
Zn |
Zinc |
65.38 |
solid |
metal |
Transition metal |
Zn2+ |
|
4s23d10 |
1.6 |
4 |
13 |
31 |
Ga |
Gallium |
69.72 |
solid |
metal |
– |
|
|
4s23d104p1 |
1.6 |
4 |
14 |
32 |
Ge |
Germanium |
72.63 |
solid |
metalloid |
– |
|
|
4s23d104p2 |
1.8 |
4 |
15 |
33 |
As |
Arsenic |
74.92 |
solid |
metalloid |
Pnictogen |
As3- |
|
4s23d104p3 |
2.0 |
4 |
16 |
34 |
Se |
Selenium |
78.97 |
solid |
nonmetal |
Chalcogen |
Se2- |
|
4s23d104p4 |
2.4 |
4 |
17 |
35 |
Br |
Bromine |
79.90 |
liquid |
nonmetal |
Halogen |
Br– |
|
4s23d104p5 |
2.8 |
4 |
18 |
36 |
Kr |
Krypton |
83.80 |
gas |
nonmetal |
Noble gas |
no ion |
|
4s23d104p6 |
– |
5 |
1 |
37 |
Rb |
Rubidium |
85.47 |
solid |
metal |
Alkali metal |
Rb+ |
|
5s1 |
0.8 |
5 |
2 |
38 |
Sr |
Strontium |
87.62 |
solid |
metal |
Alkaline earth metal |
Sr2+ |
|
5s2 |
1.0 |
5 |
3 |
39 |
Y |
Yttrium |
88.91 |
solid |
metal |
Transition metal |
|
|
5s24d1 |
1.2 |
5 |
4 |
40 |
Zr |
Zirconium |
91.22 |
solid |
metal |
Transition metal |
|
|
5s24d2 |
1.4 |
5 |
5 |
41 |
Nb |
Niobium |
92.91 |
solid |
metal |
Transition metal |
|
|
5s14d4 |
1.6 |
5 |
6 |
42 |
Mo |
Molybdenum |
95.95 |
solid |
metal |
Transition metal |
|
|
5s14d5 |
1.8 |
5 |
7 |
43 |
Tc |
Technetium |
98.91 |
solid |
metal |
Transition metal |
|
|
5s14d6 |
1.9 |
5 |
8 |
44 |
Ru |
Ruthenium |
101.1 |
solid |
metal |
Transition metal |
|
|
5s14d7 |
2.2 |
5 |
9 |
45 |
Rh |
Rhodium |
102.9 |
solid |
metal |
Transition metal |
|
|
5s14d8 |
2.2 |
5 |
10 |
46 |
Pd |
Palladium |
106.4 |
solid |
metal |
Transition metal |
Ag+ |
|
4d10 |
2.2 |
5 |
11 |
47 |
Ag |
Silver |
107.9 |
solid |
metal |
Transition metal |
Cd2+ |
|
5s14d10 |
1.9 |
5 |
12 |
48 |
Cd |
Cadmium |
112.4 |
solid |
metal |
Transition metal |
|
|
5s24d10 |
1.7 |
5 |
13 |
49 |
In |
Indium |
114.8 |
solid |
metal |
– |
|
|
5s24d105p1 |
1.7 |
5 |
14 |
50 |
Sn |
Tin |
118.7 |
solid |
metal |
– |
|
|
5s24d105p2 |
1.8 |
5 |
15 |
51 |
Sb |
Antimony |
121.8 |
solid |
metalloid |
Pnictogen |
|
|
5s24d105p3 |
1.9 |
5 |
16 |
52 |
Te |
Tellurium |
127.6 |
solid |
metalloid |
Chalcogen |
Te2- |
|
5s24d105p4 |
2.1 |
5 |
17 |
53 |
I |
Iodine |
126.9 |
solid |
nonmetal |
Halogen |
I– |
|
5s24d105p5 |
2.5 |
5 |
18 |
54 |
Xe |
Xenon |
131.3 |
gas |
nonmetal |
Noble gas |
no ion |
|
5s24d105p6 |
– |
6 |
1 |
55 |
Cs |
Cesium |
132.9 |
solid |
metal |
Alkali metal |
Cs+ |
|
6s1 |
0.7 |
6 |
2 |
56 |
Ba |
Barium |
137.3 |
solid |
metal |
Alkaline earth metal |
Ba2+ |
|
6s2 |
0.9 |
6 |
3 |
57 |
La |
Lanthanum |
138.9 |
solid |
metal |
Lanthanide |
|
|
6s25d1 |
1.0-1.2 |
6 |
n/a |
58 |
Ce |
Cerium |
140.1 |
solid |
metal |
Lanthanide |
|
|
6s24f2 |
1.0-1.2 |
6 |
n/a |
59 |
Pr |
Praseodymium |
140.9 |
solid |
metal |
Lanthanide |
|
|
6s24f3 |
1.0-1.2 |
6 |
n/a |
60 |
Nd |
Neodymium |
144.2 |
solid |
metal |
Lanthanide |
|
|
6s24f4 |
1.0-1.2 |
6 |
n/a |
61 |
Pm |
Promethium |
145.0 |
solid |
metal |
Lanthanide |
|
|
6s24f5 |
1.0-1.2 |
6 |
n/a |
62 |
Sm |
Samarium |
150.4 |
solid |
metal |
Lanthanide |
|
|
6s24f6 |
1.0-1.2 |
6 |
n/a |
63 |
Eu |
Europium |
152.0 |
solid |
metal |
Lanthanide |
|
|
6s24f7 |
1.0-1.2 |
6 |
n/a |
64 |
Gd |
Gadolinium |
157.3 |
solid |
metal |
Lanthanide |
|
|
6s24f75d1 |
1.0-1.2 |
6 |
n/a |
65 |
Tb |
Terbium |
158.9 |
solid |
metal |
Lanthanide |
|
|
6s24f9 |
1.0-1.2 |
6 |
n/a |
66 |
Dy |
Dysprosium |
162.5 |
solid |
metal |
Lanthanide |
|
|
6s24f10 |
1.0-1.2 |
6 |
n/a |
67 |
Ho |
Holmium |
164.9 |
solid |
metal |
Lanthanide |
|
|
6s24f11 |
1.0-1.2 |
6 |
n/a |
68 |
Er |
Erbium |
167.3 |
solid |
metal |
Lanthanide |
|
|
6s24f12 |
1.0-1.2 |
6 |
n/a |
69 |
Tm |
Thulium |
168.9 |
solid |
metal |
Lanthanide |
|
|
6s24f13 |
1.0-1.2 |
6 |
n/a |
70 |
Yb |
Ytterbium |
173.0 |
solid |
metal |
Lanthanide |
|
|
6s24f14 |
1.0-1.2 |
6 |
n/a |
71 |
Lu |
Lutetium |
175.0 |
solid |
metal |
Lanthanide |
|
|
6s24f145d1 |
1.0-1.2 |
6 |
4 |
72 |
Hf |
Hafnium |
178.5 |
solid |
metal |
Transition metal |
|
|
6s24f145d2 |
1.3 |
6 |
5 |
73 |
Ta |
Tantalum |
180.9 |
solid |
metal |
Transition metal |
|
|
6s24f145d3 |
1.5 |
6 |
6 |
74 |
W |
Tungsten |
183.8 |
solid |
metal |
Transition metal |
|
|
6s24f145d4 |
1.7 |
6 |
7 |
75 |
Re |
Rhenium |
186.2 |
solid |
metal |
Transition metal |
|
|
6s24f145d5 |
1.9 |
6 |
8 |
76 |
Os |
Osmium |
190.2 |
solid |
metal |
Transition metal |
|
|
6s24f145d6 |
2.2 |
6 |
9 |
77 |
Ir |
Iridium |
192.2 |
solid |
metal |
Transition metal |
|
|
6s24f145d7 |
2.2 |
6 |
10 |
78 |
Pt |
Platinum |
195.1 |
solid |
metal |
Transition metal |
Pt2+ |
|
6s14f145d9 |
2.2 |
6 |
11 |
79 |
Au |
Gold |
197.0 |
solid |
metal |
Transition metal |
Au+ Au3+ |
|
6s14f145d10 |
2.4 |
6 |
12 |
80 |
Hg |
Mercury |
200.6 |
liquid |
metal |
Transition metal |
Hg22+ Hg2+ |
|
6s24f145d10 |
1.9 |
6 |
13 |
81 |
Tl |
Thallium |
204.4 |
solid |
metal |
– |
|
|
6s24f145d106p1 |
1.8 |
6 |
14 |
82 |
Pb |
Lead |
207.2 |
solid |
metal |
– |
|
|
6s24f145d106p2 |
1.9 |
6 |
15 |
83 |
Bi |
Bismuth |
209.0 |
solid |
metal |
Pnictogen |
|
|
6s24f145d106p3 |
1.9 |
6 |
16 |
84 |
Po |
Polonium |
209 |
solid |
metal |
Chalcogen |
|
|
6s24f145d106p4 |
2.0 |
6 |
17 |
85 |
At |
Astatine |
210 |
solid |
metalloid |
Halogen |
At– |
|
6s24f145d106p5 |
2.2 |
6 |
18 |
86 |
Rn |
Radon |
222 |
gas |
nonmetal |
Noble gas |
no ion |
|
6s24f145d106p6 |
– |
7 |
1 |
87 |
Fr |
Francium |
223 |
solid |
metal |
Alkali metal |
Fr+ |
|
7s1 |
0.7 |
7 |
2 |
88 |
Ra |
Radium |
226 |
solid |
metal |
Alkaline earth metal |
Ra2+ |
|
7s2 |
0.9 |
7 |
3 |
89 |
Ac |
Actinium |
227 |
solid |
metal |
Actinide |
|
|
7s26d1 |
1.1 |
7 |
n/a |
90 |
Th |
Thorium |
232 |
solid |
metal |
Actinide |
|
|
7s26d2 |
1.3 |
7 |
n/a |
91 |
Pa |
Protactinium |
231 |
solid |
metal |
Actinide |
|
|
7s25f26d1 |
1.4 |
7 |
n/a |
92 |
U |
Uranium |
238 |
solid |
metal |
Actinide |
|
|
7s25f36d1 |
1.4 |
7 |
n/a |
93 |
Np |
Neptunium |
237 |
solid |
metal |
Actinide |
|
|
7s25f46d1 |
1.4-1.3 |
7 |
n/a |
94 |
Pu |
Plutonium |
244 |
solid |
metal |
Actinide |
|
|
7s25f6 |
1.4-1.3 |
7 |
n/a |
95 |
Am |
Americium |
243 |
solid |
metal |
Actinide |
|
|
7s25f7 |
1.4-1.3 |
7 |
n/a |
96 |
Cm |
Curium |
247 |
solid |
metal |
Actinide |
|
|
7s25f76d1 |
1.4-1.3 |
7 |
n/a |
97 |
Bk |
Berkelium |
247 |
solid |
metal |
Actinide |
|
|
7s25f86d1 |
1.4-1.3 |
7 |
n/a |
98 |
Cf |
Californium |
251 |
solid |
metal |
Actinide |
|
|
7s25f10 |
1.4-1.3 |
7 |
n/a |
99 |
Es |
Einsteinium |
252 |
solid |
metal |
Actinide |
|
|
7s25f11 |
1.4-1.3 |
7 |
n/a |
100 |
Fm |
Fermium |
257 |
solid |
metal |
Actinide |
|
|
7s25f12 |
1.4-1.3 |
7 |
n/a |
101 |
Md |
Mendelevium |
258 |
solid |
metal |
Actinide |
|
|
7s25f13 |
1.4-1.3 |
7 |
n/a |
102 |
No |
Nobelium |
259 |
solid |
metal |
Actinide |
|
|
7s25f14 |
1.4-1.3 |
7 |
n/a |
103 |
Lr |
Lawrencium |
262 |
solid |
metal |
Actinide |
|
|
7s25f146d1 |
– |
7 |
4 |
104 |
Rf |
Rutherfordium |
261 |
solid |
metal |
Transition metal |
|
|
7s25f146d2 |
– |
7 |
5 |
105 |
Db |
Dubnium |
268 |
solid |
metal |
Transition metal |
|
|
7s25f146d3 |
– |
7 |
6 |
106 |
Sg |
Seaborgium |
269 |
solid |
metal |
Transition metal |
|
|
7s25f146d4 |
– |
7 |
7 |
107 |
Bh |
Bohrium |
270 |
solid |
metal |
Transition metal |
|
|
7s25f146d5 |
– |
7 |
8 |
108 |
Hs |
Hassium |
269 |
solid |
metal |
Transition metal |
|
|
7s25f146d6 |
– |
7 |
9 |
109 |
Mt |
Meitnerium |
277 |
unknown |
unknown |
Transition metal |
|
|
7s25f146d7 |
– |
7 |
10 |
110 |
Ds |
Darmstadtium |
281 |
unknown |
unknown |
Transition metal |
|
|
7s25f146d8 |
– |
7 |
11 |
111 |
Rg |
Roentgenium |
281 |
unknown |
unknown |
Transition metal |
|
|
7s25f146d9 |
– |
7 |
12 |
112 |
Cn |
Copernicium |
285 |
solid |
metal |
Transition metal |
|
|
7s25f146d10 |
– |
7 |
13 |
113 |
Nh |
Nihonium |
286 |
unknown |
unknown |
– |
|
|
|
– |
7 |
14 |
114 |
Fl |
Flerovium |
289 |
solid |
metal |
– |
|
|
|
– |
7 |
15 |
115 |
Mc |
Moscovium |
288 |
unknown |
unknown |
Pnictogen |
|
|
|
– |
7 |
16 |
116 |
Lv |
Livermorium |
293 |
unknown |
unknown |
Chalcogen |
|
|
|
– |
7 |
17 |
117 |
Ts |
Tennessine |
294 |
unknown |
unknown |
Halogen |
|
|
|
– |
7 |
18 |
118 |
Og |
Oganesson |
294 |
unknown |
unknown |
– |
|
|
|
– |
Links & Resources
Watch The Periodic Table: Crash Course Chemistry #4 (11:21 min)
Watch The Periodic Table Explained (3:06 min)
For suggestions on accessible periodic tables for those with low/no vision, visit:
Low vision and braille versions of the periodic table are available.
Attribution & References
- Figure 3 from “3.6 The Periodic Table“, Figure 2 from “3.7 Molecular and Ionic Compounds“, Figure 4 from “3.4 Electronic Structure of the Atoms (General configurations)“, Figure 3 from “4.2 Covalent Bonding” In General Chemistry 1 & 2 by Rice University, a derivative of Chemistry (Open Stax) by Paul Flowers, Klaus Theopold, Richard Langley & William R. Robinson and is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at Chemistry (OpenStax) .
- Figure 11.3c by Revathi Mahadevan from Enhanced Introductory College Chemistry by Gregory Anderson, Caryn Fahey, Jackie MacDonald, Adrienne Richards, Samantha Sullivan Sauer, J.R. van Haarlem, and David Wegman, CC BY 4.0
References
Injosoft. (2023). List of chemical elements – periodic table. Periodic Table of the Elements.
Periodic Table of the elements. (2023). www.periodictable.one.