Appendix E | Formulas & Fundamental Physical Constants

Name and Symbol

Value

atomic mass unit (amu)

1.6605390 × 10^-27 kg

Avogadro’s number (N_A)

6.0221408 × 10²³ mol^-1

Boltzmann’s constant (k_B)

1.380648 × 10^-23 J K^-1

charge-to-mass ratio for electron (e/m_e)

1.75882002 × 10¹¹ C kg^-1

electron charge (e)

1.60217662 × 10^-19 C

electron rest mass (m_e)

9.1093836 × 10^-31 kg

Faraday’s constant (F)

9.6485333 × 10⁴ C mol^-1

gas constant (R)

8.314460 J mol^-1 K^-1

8.20573 × 10^-2 L atm mol^-1 K^-1

8.314460 m³ Pa mol^-1 K^-1

8.314460 L kPa mol^-1 K^-1

8.314460 × 10^-2 bar L mol^-1 K^-1

molar volume of an ideal gas, 1 atm, 273.15 K

22.41396 L mol^-1

molar volume of an ideal gas, 1 bar, 273.15 K

22.71095 L mol^-1

neutron rest mass (m_n)

1.6749275 × 10^-27 kg

Planck’s constant (h)

6.6260700 × 10^-34 J s

proton rest mass (m_p)

1.6726219 × 10^-27 kg

Rydberg constant (R_H)

1.0973731568 × 10⁷ m^-1

2.1798723 × 10^-18 J

speed of light (in vacuum) (c)

2.99792458 × 10⁸ m s^-1