Annexe B | Propriétés des éléments
|
Élément |
Symbole |
Numéro atomique (Z) |
Masse atomique1,2 |
État (conditions standard) |
États d’oxydation communs |
Nombre de masse d’isotopes stables3 |
|
Actinium |
Ac |
89 |
[227] |
solide |
+3 |
|
|
Aluminium |
Al |
13 |
26,98 |
solide |
+3 |
27 |
|
Americium |
Am |
95 |
[243] |
solide |
+3, +4, +5, +6 |
|
|
Antimoine |
Sb |
51 |
121,8 |
solide |
+3, +5 |
121, 123 |
|
Argent |
Ag |
47 |
107,9 |
solide |
+1 |
107, 109 |
|
Argon |
Ar |
18 |
39,95 |
gaz |
0 |
36, 38, 40 |
|
Arsenic |
As |
33 |
74,92 |
solide |
+3, +5, -3 |
75 |
|
Astatine |
At |
85 |
[210] |
solide |
|
|
|
Azote |
N |
7 |
14,01 |
gaz |
+1, +2, +3, +4, +5, -1, -3 |
14, 15 |
|
Baryum |
Ba |
56 |
137,3 |
solide |
+2 |
130, 132, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138 |
|
Berkelium |
Bk |
97 |
[247] |
solide |
+3, +4 |
|
|
Béryllium |
Be |
4 |
9,012 |
solide |
+2 |
9 |
|
Bismuth |
Bi |
83 |
209,0 |
solide |
+3, +5 |
209 |
|
Bohrium |
Bh |
107 |
[264] |
solide* |
+7* |
|
|
Bore |
B |
5 |
10,81 |
solide |
+3 |
10, 11 |
|
Brome |
Br |
35 |
79,90 |
liquide |
+1, +5, -1 |
79, 81 |
|
Cadmium |
Cd |
48 |
112,4 |
solide |
+2 |
106, 108, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 116 |
|
Calcium |
Ca |
20 |
40,08 |
solide |
+2 |
40, 42, 43, 44, 46, 48 |
|
Californium |
Cf |
98 |
[251] |
solide |
+3 |
|
|
Carbone |
C |
6 |
12,01 |
solide |
+2, +4, -4 |
12, 13 |
|
Cérium |
Ce |
58 |
140,1 |
solide |
+3, +4 |
136, 138, 140, 142 |
|
Césium |
Cs |
55 |
132,9 |
solide |
+1 |
133 |
|
Chlore |
Cl |
17 |
35,45 |
gaz |
+1, +5, +7, -1 |
35, 37 |
|
Chrome |
Cr |
24 |
52,00 |
solide |
+2, +3, +6 |
50, 52, 53, 54 |
|
Cobalt |
Co |
27 |
58,93 |
solide |
+2, +3 |
59 |
|
Copernicium |
Cn |
112 |
[285] |
liquide/gaz* |
+2, +4* |
|
|
Cuivre |
Cu |
29 |
63,55 |
solide |
+1, +2 |
63, 65 |
|
Curium |
Cm |
96 |
[247] |
solide |
+3 |
|
|
Darmstadtium |
Ds |
110 |
[271] |
solide* |
+2, +4, +6* |
|
|
Dubnium |
Db |
105 |
[262] |
solide* |
+5* |
|
|
Dysprosium |
Dy |
66 |
162,5 |
solide |
+3 |
156, 158, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164 |
|
Einsteinium |
Es |
99 |
[252] |
solide |
+3 |
|
|
Étain |
Sn |
50 |
118,7 |
solide |
+2, +4 |
112, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 122, 124 |
|
Erbium |
Er |
68 |
167,3 |
solide |
+3 |
162, 164, 166, 167, 168, 170 |
|
Europium |
Eu |
63 |
152,0 |
solide |
+2, +3 |
151, 153 |
|
Fer |
Fe |
26 |
55,85 |
solide |
+2, +3 |
54, 56, 57, 58 |
|
Fermium |
Fm |
100 |
[257] |
solide |
+3 |
|
|
Flérovium |
Fl |
114 |
[289] |
liquide/gaz* |
+2, +4* |
|
|
Fluor |
F |
9 |
19,00 |
gaz |
-1 |
19 |
|
Francium |
Fr |
87 |
[223] |
solide/liquide* |
+1 |
|
|
Gadolinium |
Gd |
64 |
157,3 |
solide |
+3 |
152, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 160 |
|
Gallium |
Ga |
31 |
69,72 |
solide |
+3 |
69, 71 |
|
Germanium |
Ge |
32 |
72,63 |
solide |
+2, +4 |
70, 72, 73, 74, 76 |
|
Hafnium |
Hf |
72 |
178,5 |
solide |
+4 |
174, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180 |
|
Hassium |
Hs |
108 |
[265] |
solide* |
+8* |
|
|
Hélium |
He |
2 |
4,003 |
gaz |
0 |
3, 4 |
|
Holmium |
Ho |
67 |
164,9 |
solide |
+3 |
165 |
|
Hydrogène |
H |
1 |
1,008 |
gaz |
+1 |
1, 2 |
|
Indium |
In |
49 |
114,8 |
solide |
+3 |
113, 115 |
|
Iodine |
I |
53 |
126,9 |
solide |
+1, +5, +7, -1 |
127 |
|
Iridium |
Ir |
77 |
192,2 |
solide |
+3, +4 |
191, 193 |
|
Krypton |
Kr |
36 |
83,80 |
gaz |
0 |
78, 80, 82, 83, 84, 86 |
|
Lanthane |
La |
57 |
138,9 |
solide |
+3 |
138, 139 |
|
Lawrencium |
Lr |
103 |
[260] |
solide |
+3 |
|
|
Lithium |
Li |
3 |
6,94 |
solide |
+1 |
6, 7 |
|
Livermorium |
Lv |
116 |
[293] |
solide* |
+2, +4* |
|
|
Lutetium |
Lu |
71 |
175,0 |
solide |
+3 |
175, 176 |
|
Magnésium |
Mg |
12 |
24,31 |
solide |
+2 |
24, 25, 26 |
|
Manganèse |
Mn |
25 |
54,94 |
solide |
+2, +3, +4, +7 |
55 |
|
Meitnerium |
Mt |
109 |
[268] |
solide* |
+1, +3, +6* |
|
|
Mendelevium |
Md |
101 |
[258] |
solide |
+2, +3 |
|
|
Mercure |
Hg |
80 |
200,6 |
liquide |
+1, +2 |
196, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 204 |
|
Molybdène |
Mo |
42 |
95,95 |
solide |
+6 |
92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98 |
|
Moscovium |
Mc |
115 |
[290] |
solide* |
+1, +3* |
|
|
Néodyme |
Nd |
60 |
144,2 |
solide |
+3 |
142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 148, 150 |
|
Néon |
Ne |
10 |
20,18 |
gaz |
0 |
20, 21, 22 |
|
Neptunium |
Np |
93 |
[237] |
solide |
+3, +4, +5, +6 |
|
|
Nickel |
Ni |
28 |
58,69 |
solide |
+2, +3 |
58, 60, 61, 62, 64 |
|
Nihonium |
Nh |
113 |
[286] |
solide* |
+1, +3* |
|
|
Niobium |
Nb |
41 |
92,91 |
solide |
+3, +5 |
93 |
|
Nobelium |
No |
102 |
[259] |
solide |
+2, +3 |
|
|
Oganesson |
Og |
118 |
[294] |
solide* |
0, +2, +4* |
|
|
Or |
Au |
79 |
197,0 |
solide |
+1, +3 |
197 |
|
Osmium |
Os |
76 |
190,2 |
solide |
+3, +4 |
184, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 192 |
|
Oxygène |
O |
8 |
16,00 |
gaz |
-2 |
16, 17, 18 |
|
Palladium |
Pd |
46 |
106,4 |
solide |
+2, +3 |
102, 104, 105, 106, 108, 110 |
|
Phosphore |
P |
15 |
30,97 |
solide |
+3, +5, -3 |
31 |
|
Platine |
Pt |
78 |
195,1 |
solide |
+2, +4 |
190, 192, 194, 195, 196, 198 |
|
Plomb |
Pb |
82 |
207,2 |
solide |
+2, +4 |
204, 206, 207, 208 |
|
Plutonium |
Pu |
94 |
[244] |
solide |
+3, +4, +5, +6 |
|
|
Polonium |
Po |
84 |
[209] |
solide |
+2, +4 |
|
|
Potassium |
K |
19 |
39,10 |
solide |
+1 |
39, 40, 41 |
|
Praséodyme |
Pr |
59 |
140,9 |
solide |
+3 |
141 |
|
Promethium |
Pm |
61 |
[145] |
solide |
+3 |
|
|
Protactinium |
Pa |
91 |
231,0 |
solide |
+4, +5 |
231 |
|
Radium |
Ra |
88 |
[226] |
solide |
+2 |
|
|
Radon |
Rn |
86 |
[222] |
gaz |
0 |
|
|
Rhenium |
Re |
75 |
186,2 |
solide |
+4, +6, +7 |
185, 187 |
|
Rhodium |
Rh |
45 |
102,9 |
solide |
+3 |
103 |
|
Roentgenium |
Rg |
111 |
[282] |
solide* |
+3, +5, -1* |
|
|
Rubidium |
Rb |
37 |
85,47 |
solide |
+1 |
85, 87 |
|
Ruthenium |
Ru |
44 |
101,1 |
solide |
+3 |
100, 101, 102, 104 |
|
Rutherfordium |
Rf |
104 |
[267] |
solide* |
+4 |
|
|
Samarium |
Sm |
62 |
150,4 |
solide |
+2, +3 |
144, 147, 148, 149, 150, 152, 154 |
|
Scandium |
Sc |
21 |
44,96 |
solide |
+3 |
45 |
|
Seaborgium |
Sg |
106 |
[269] |
solide* |
+6* |
|
|
Sélénium |
Se |
34 |
78,97 |
solide |
+4, +6, -2 |
74, 76, 77, 78, 80, 82 |
|
Silicium |
Si |
14 |
28,09 |
solide |
+2, +4, -4 |
28, 29 |
|
Sodium |
Na |
11 |
22,99 |
solide |
+1 |
23 |
|
Soufre |
S |
16 |
32,06 |
solide |
+4, +6, -2 |
32, 33, 34, 36 |
|
Strontium |
Sr |
38 |
87,62 |
solide |
+2 |
84, 86, 87, 88 |
|
Tantale |
Ta |
73 |
180,9 |
solide |
+5 |
180, 181 |
|
Technétium |
Tc |
43 |
[97] |
solide |
+4, +6, +7 |
|
|
Tellurium |
Te |
52 |
127,6 |
solide |
+4, +6, -2 |
120, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 130 |
|
Tennessine |
Ts |
117 |
[294] |
solide* |
+1, +3, +5* |
|
|
Terbium |
Tb |
65 |
158,9 |
solide |
+3 |
159 |
|
Thallium |
Tl |
81 |
204,4 |
solide |
+1, +3 |
203, 205 |
|
Thorium |
Th |
90 |
232,0 |
solide |
+4 |
232 |
|
Thulium |
Tm |
69 |
168,9 |
solide |
+3 |
169 |
|
Titane |
Ti |
22 |
47,87 |
solide |
+2, +3, +4 |
46, 47, 48, 49, 50 |
|
Tungstène |
W |
74 |
183,8 |
solide |
+6 |
180, 182, 183, 184, 186 |
|
Uranium |
U |
92 |
238,0 |
solide |
+3, +4, +5, +6 |
234, 235, 238 |
|
Vanadium |
V |
23 |
50,94 |
solide |
+2, +3, +4, +5 |
50, 51 |
|
Xénon |
Xe |
54 |
131,3 |
gaz |
0 |
124, 126, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 134, 136 |
|
Ytterbium |
Yb |
70 |
173,0 |
solide |
+2, +3 |
168, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 176 |
|
Yttrium |
Y |
39 |
88,91 |
solide |
+3 |
89 |
|
Zinc |
Zn |
30 |
65,38 |
solide |
+2 |
64, 66, 67, 68, 70 |
|
Zirconium |
Zr |
40 |
91,22 |
solide |
+4 |
90, 91, 92, 94, 96 |
1Les masses atomiques sont données à quatre chiffres significatifs lorsque cela est possible.
2Les masses atomiques indiquées entre parenthèses indiquent la masse de l’isotope ayant la plus longue durée de vie.
3Comprend les isotopes radioactifs de très longue durée de vie, dont l’abondance terrestre est effectivement stable.
*Prévu.
RÉFÉRENCES
1) Coursey, J.S., Schwab, D.J., Tsai, J.J., et Dragoset, R.A. (2015), Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions (version 4.1). [En ligne] Disponible : http://physics.nist.gov/Comp [2020, août, 9]. Institut national des normes et de la technologie, Gaithersburg, MD.
2) Holden, N. E. ; Coplen, T. B. ; Böhlke, J. K. ; Tarbox, L. V. ; Benefield, J. ; Laeter, J. R. D. ; Mahaffy, P. G. ; O’Connor, G. ; Roth, E. ; Tepper, D. H.; Walczyk, T. ; Wieser, M. E. ; Yoneda, S. IUPAC Periodic Table of the Elements and Isotopes (IPTEI) for the Education Community (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry 2018, 90 (12), 1833-2092.
3) “Summary of Properties of the Elements” in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 100st Edition (Internet Version 2019), John R. Rumble, ed, CRC Press/Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL.
