References
1.2 Definitions of Statistics, Probability, and Key Terms
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1.3 Sampling and Data
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1.4 Frequency, Frequency Tables, and Levels of Measurement
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1.5 Experimental Design and Ethics
Alden, L. (2013, May 1). Statistics can be Misleading. econoclass.com. Retrieved May 1, 2013, from http://www.econoclass.com/misleadingstats.html
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2.2 Histograms, Frequency Polygons, and Time Series Graphs
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2.3 Measures of Central Tendency
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2.5 Measures of Location
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2.6 Measures of Dispersion
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King, B. (n.d.). Graphically Speaking. Institutional Research, Lake Tahoe Community College. Retrieved April 3, 2013, from, http://www.ltcc.edu/web/about/institutional-research
3.2 The Terminology of Probability
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3.3 Contingency Tables
Blood Types. (n.d.). American Red Cross. Retrieved May 3, 2013, from, http://www.redcrossblood.org/learn-about-blood/blood-types
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Haiman, C. A., Stram, D. O., Wilkens, L. R., Pike, M. C., Kolonel, L. N., Henderson, B. E., & le Marchand, L. (2006, January 26). Ethnic and Racial Differences in the Smoking-Related Risk of Lung Cancer. The New England Journal of Medicine. http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa033250
Human Blood Types. (2011). Unite Blood Services. Retrieved May 2, 2013, from, http://www.unitedbloodservices.org/learnMore.aspx
Samuel, T. M. (2013). Strange Facts about RH Negative Blood. eHow Health. Retrieved May 2, 2013, from, http://www.ehow.com/facts_5552003_strange-rh-negative-blood.html
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3.7 Joint Probabilities
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Data. (n.d.). Field Research Corporation.
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Data. (n.d.). The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/
Data. (n.d.). U.S. Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/
DiCamillo, M., & Field, M. (n.d.). The File Poll. Field Research Corporation. Retrieved May 2, 2013, from, http://www.field.com/fieldpollonline/subscribers/Rls2443.pdf
Mayor’s Approval Down. (n.d.). Forum Research. Retrieved May 2, 2013, from, http://www.forumresearch.com/forms/News Archives/News Releases/74209_TO_Issues_-_Mayoral_Approval_%28Forum_Research%29%2820130320%29.pdf
Rider, D. (2011, September 14). Ford support plummeting, poll suggests. The Star. Retrieved May 2, 2013, from, http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2011/09/14/ford_support_plummeting_poll_suggests.html
Roulette. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roulette
Shin, H. B., & Kominski, R. A. (2010, April 1). Language Use in the United States: 2007. United States Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2010/acs/acs-12.html
4.3 Expected Value and Standard Deviation of a Discrete Random Variable
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World Earthquakes: Live Earthquake News and Highlights. (2012). World Earthquakes. Retrieved May 15, 2013, from, http://www.world-earthquakes.com/index.php?option=ethq_prediction
4.4 The Binomial Distribution
Access to electricity (% of population). (2013). The World Bank. Retrieved May 15, 2015, from, http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS?order=wbapi_data_value_2009%20wbapi_data_value%20wbapi_data_value-first&sort=asc
Distance Education. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved May 15, 2013, from, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance_education
NBA Statistics – 2013. ESPN. Retrieved May 15, 2013, from, http://espn.go.com/nba/statistics/_/seasontype/2
Newport, F. (2013, May 9). Americans Still Enjoy Saving Rather than Spending: Few demographic differences seen in these views other than by income. Gallup. http://www.gallup.com/poll/162368/americans-enjoy-saving-rather-spending.aspx
Pryor, J. H., DeAngelo, L., Palucki Blake, L., Hurtado,S., & Tran, S. (2011). The American Freshman: National Norms Fall 2011. Cooperative Institutional Research Program at the Higher Education Research Institute at UCLA. http://heri.ucla.edu/PDFs/pubs/TFS/Norms/Monographs/TheAmericanFreshman2011.pdf
The World FactBook. (n.d.). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved May 15, 2013, from, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/af.html
What are the key statistics about pancreatic cancer? (2013). American Cancer Society. Retrieved May 15, 2013, from, http://www.cancer.org/cancer/pancreaticcancer/detailedguide/pancreatic-cancer-key-statistics
4.5 The Poisson Distribution
ATL Fact Sheet. (2013). Department of Aviation at the Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport. Retrieved February 18, 2019, from, http://www.atl.com/about-atl/atl-factsheet/
Children and Childrearing. (n.d.). Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare. Retrieved May 15, 2013, from, http://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/policy/children/children-childrearing/index.html
Daily Mail Reporter. (2011, June 9). One born every minute: The maternity unit where mothers are THREE to a bed. Daily Mail. Retrieved May 15, 2013, from, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2001422/Busiest-maternity-ward-planet-averages-60-babies-day-mothers-bed.html
Eating Disorder Statistics. (2006). South Carolina Department of Mental Health. Retrieved May 15, 2013, from, http://www.state.sc.us/dmh/anorexia/statistics.htm
Giving Birth in Manila. (2011, June 8). The Guardian. Retrieved May 15, 2013, from, http://www.theguardian.com/world/gallery/2011/jun/08/philippines-health#/?picture=375471900&index=2
Lenhart, A. (2012, March 19). Teens, Smartphones & Texting. Pew Research Center. Retrieved May 15, 2013, from, http://www.pewinternet.org/~/media/Files/Reports/2012/PIP_Teens_Smartphones_and_Texting.pdf
Smith, A. (2011, September 19). How Americans Use Text Messaging. Pew Research Center. Retrieved May 15, 2013, from, http://pewinternet.org/Reports/2011/Cell-Phone-Texting-2011/Main-Report.aspx
Teen Drivers: Fact Sheet, Injury Prevention & Control: Motor Vehicle Safety. (2012, October 2). Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved May 15, 2013, from, http://www.cdc.gov/Motorvehiclesafety/Teen_Drivers/teendrivers_factsheet.html
Vanderkam, L. (2012, October 8). Stop Checking Your Email, Now. Fortune. Retrieved May 15, 2013, from, http://management.fortune.cnn.com/2012/10/08/stop-checking-your-email-now/
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5.4 The Standard Normal Distribution
2012 College-Bound Seniors Total Group Profile Report. (2012). CollegeBoard. Retrieved May 14, 2013, from, http://media.collegeboard.com/digitalServices/pdf/research/TotalGroup-2012.pdf
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Digest of Education Statistics: ACT score average and standard deviations by sex and race/ethnicity and percentage of ACT test takers, by selected composite score ranges and planned fields of study: Selected years, 1995 through 2009. (2009). National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved May 14, 2013, from, http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d09/tables/dt09_147.asp
Janssen, S. (Ed.). (n.d.). The World Almanac and Book of Facts. World Almanac Books.
List of stadiums by capacity. (n.d.). InWikipedia. Retrieved May 14, 2013, from, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_stadiums_by_capacity
The Use of Epidemiological Tools in Conflict-affected populations: Open-access educational resources for policy-makers: Calculation of z-scores. (2009). London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Retrieved May 14, 2013, from, http://conflict.lshtm.ac.uk/page_125.htm
5.5 Calculating Probabilities for a Normal Distribution
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NUMMI. (2010, March 26). This American Life. Retrieved May 14, 2013, from, http://www.thisamericanlife.org/radio-archives/episode/403/nummi
Scratch-Off Lottery Ticket Playing Tips. (n.d.). WinAtTheLottery.com. Retrieved May 14, 2013, from, http://www.winatthelottery.com/public/department40.cfm
Smart Phone Users, By The Numbers. (n.d.). Visual.ly. Retrieved May 14, 2013, from, http://visual.ly/smart-phone-users-numbers
6.2 Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean
Baran, D. (n.d.). 20 Percent of Americans Have Never Used Email. WebGuild. Retrieved May 14, 2013, from, http://www.webguild.org/20080519/20-percent-of-americans-have-never-used-email
Data. (n.d.). The Flurry Blog. Retrieved May 17, 2013, from, http://blog.flurry.com
Data. (n.d.). The United States Department of Agriculture.
7.2 Confidence Intervals for a Single Population Mean with Known Population Standard Deviation
American Fact Finder. (n.d.). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved July 2, 2013, from, http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/searchresults.xhtml?refresh=t
Disclosure Data Catalog: Candidate Summary Report 2012. (n.d.). U.S. Federal Election Commission. Retrieved July 2, 2013, from, http://www.fec.gov/data/index.jsp
Headcount Enrollment Trends by Student Demographics Ten-Year Fall Trends to Most Recently Completed Fall. (n.d.). Foothill De Anza Community College District. Retrieved Septmeber 30, 2013, from, http://research.fhda.edu/factbook/FH_Demo_Trends/FoothillDemographicTrends.htm
Kuczmarski, R. J., Ogden, C. L., Guo, S. S., Grummer-Strawn, L. M., Flegal, K. M., Mei, Z. , Wei, R., Curtin, L. R., Roche, A. F., & Johnson, C. L. (2002, May). Vital Health Statistics: 2000 CDC Growth Charts for the United States: Methods and Development. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 11(246). Retrieved July 2, 2013, from, http://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/2000growthchart-us.pdf
Mean Income in the Past 12 Months (in 2011 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars): 2011 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. (n.d.). American Fact Finder, U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved July 2, 2013, from, http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_11_1YR_S1902&prodType=table
Metadata Description of Candidate Summary File. (n.d.). U.S. Federal Election Commission. Retrieved July 2, 2013, from, http://www.fec.gov/finance/disclosure/metadata/metadataforcandidatesummary.shtml
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. (n.d.). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved July 2, 2013, from, http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes.htm
Ralph, N., & German, K. (2011, June 1). Cell phones with the highest radiation levels (pictures). CNET. Retrieved July 2, 2013, from, http://reviews.cnet.com/cell-phone-radiation-levels/
7.3 Confidence Intervals for a Single Population Mean with Unknown Population Standard Deviation
America’s Best Small Companies. (2013). Forbes. Retrieved July 2, 2013, from, http://www.forbes.com/best-small-companies/list/
Data. (n.d.). Businessweek. http://www.businessweek.com/.
Data. (n.d.). Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/.
Data. (n.d.). In Microsoft Bookshelf.
Disclosure Data Catalog: Leadership PAC and Sponsors Report, 2012. (n.d.). Federal Election Commission. Retrieved July 2, 2013, from, http://www.fec.gov/data/index.jsp
Human Toxome Project: Mapping the Pollution in People. (n.d.). Environmental Working Group. Retrieved July 2, 2013, from, http://www.ewg.org/sites/humantoxome/participants/participant-group.php?group=in+utero%2Fnewborn
Metadata Description of Leadership PAC List. (n.d.). Federal Election Commission. Retrieved July 2, 2013, from, http://www.fec.gov/finance/disclosure/metadata/metadataLeadershipPacList.shtml
7.4 Confidence Intervals for Population Proportions
2013 Teen and Privacy Management Survey. (n.d.). Pew Research Center: Internet and American Life Project. Retrieved July 2, 2013, from, http://www.pewinternet.org/~/media//Files/Questionnaire/2013/Methods%20and%20Questions_Teens%20and%20Social%20Media.pdf
52% Say Big-Time College Athletics Corrupt Education Process. (2013, May 16). Rasmussen Reports. Retrieved July 2, 2013, from, http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/lifestyle/sports/may_2013/52_say_big_time_college_athletics_corrupt_education_process
Jensen, T. (2013, May 10). Democrats, Republicans Divided on Opinion of Music Icons. Public Policy Polling. Retrieved July 2, 2013, from, https://www.publicpolicypolling.com/polls/democrats-republicans-divided-on-opinion-of-music-icons/
Madden, M., Lenhart, A., Coresi, S., Gasser, U., Duggan, M., Smith, A., & Beaton, M. (2013, May 21). Teens, Social Media, and Privacy. Pew Research Center. Retrieved July 2, 2013, from, https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2013/05/21/teens-social-media-and-privacy/
Saad, L. (2013, May 23). Three in Four U.S. Workers Plan to Work Pas Retirement Age: Slightly more say they will do this by choice rather than necessity. Gallup. Retrieved July 2, 2013, from, http://www.gallup.com/poll/162758/three-four-workers-plan-work-past-retirement-age.aspx
The Field Poll. (n.d.). Field. Retrieved July 2, 2013, from, http://field.com/fieldpollonline/subscribers/
Zogby. (2013, May 16). New SUNYIT/Zogby Analytics Poll: Few Americans Worry about Emergency Situations Occurring in Their Community; Only one in three have an Emergency Plan; 70% Support Infrastructure ‘Investment’ for National Security. Zogby Analytics. Retrieved July 2, 2013, from, http://www.zogbyanalytics.com/news/299-americans-neither-worried-nor-prepared-in-case-of-a-disaster-sunyit-zogby-analytics-poll
8.2 Null and Alternative Hypotheses
Data. (n.d.). The National Institute of Mental Health. http://www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/depression.cfm
8.6 Hypothesis Tests for a Population Mean with Known Population Standard Deviation, 8.7 Hypothesis Tests for a Population Mean with Unknown Population Standard Deviation, 8.8 Hypothesis Tests for a Population Proportion
Allen, E. I., & Seaman, J. (2005). Growing by Degrees: Online Education in the United States, 2005. The Sloan Consortium.
Amit Schitai, A. (n.d.). Data.
Data. (n.d.). American Automobile Association. Retrieved June 27, 2013, from, www.aaa.com
Data. (n.d.). American Library Association. Retrieved June 27, 2013, from, https://www.ala.org/
Data. (n.d.). Bureau of Labor Statistics. http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes291111.htm.
Data. (n.d.). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved June 27, 2013, from, www.cdc.gov
Data. (n.d.). Energy.Gov. Retrieved June 27, 2013, from, http://energy.gov
Data. (n.d.). Gallup. Retrieved June 27, 2013, from https://www.gallup.com/home.aspx
Data. (n.d.). La Leche League International. http://www.lalecheleague.org/Law/BAFeb01.html
Data. (n.d.). Toastmasters International. http://toastmasters.org/artisan/detail.asp?CategoryID=1&SubCategoryID=10&ArticleID=429&Page=1.
Data. (n.d.). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 27, 2013, from, https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/sis/resources/data-tools/quickfacts.html
Data. (n.d.). United States Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/hhes/socdemo/language/.
Data, (n.d.). Weather Underground. Retrieved June 27, 2013, from, https://www.wunderground.com/
Deprez, E. E. NYC Smoking Rate Falls to Record Low of 14%, Bloomberg Says. Businessweek. Retrieved June 27, 2013, from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-09-15/new-york-city-adult-smoking-rate-falls-to-all-time-low-of-14-mayor-says#:~:text=New%20York’s%20adult%20smoking%20rate,are%20smoking%2C%20the%20mayor%20said
FBI. (n.d.). Uniform Crime Reports and Index of Crime in Daviess in the State of Kentucky enforced by Daviess County from 1985 to 2005. The Disaster Center. Retrieved June 27, 2013, from, http://www.disastercenter.com/kentucky/crime/3868.htm
Foothill-De Anza Community College District. (2006, Winter). De Anza College. http://research.fhda.edu/factbook/DAdemofs/Fact_sheet_da_2006w.pdf
Johansen, C., Boice, Jr., J., McLaughlin, J., Olsen, J. (2001). Cellular Telephones and Cancer—a Nationwide Cohort Study in Denmark. Journal of National Cancer Institute, 93(3), 203-207. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/93.3.203
How often does sexual assault occur? (n.d.). RAINN. Retrieved June 27, 2013, from, http://www.rainn.org/get-information/statistics/frequency-of-sexual-assault
9.2 Statistical Inference for Two Population Means with Known Population Standard Deviations
Data. (n.d.). United States Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-02.pdf
FBI. (n.d.). Texas Crime Rates 1960–1012. Uniform Crime Reports, The Disaster Center. Retrieved June 17, 2013, from, http://www.disastercenter.com/crime/txcrime.htm
Hinduja, S. (2013). Sexting Research and Gender Differences. Cyberbulling Research Center. Retrieved June 17, 2013, from, http://cyberbullying.us/blog/sexting-research-and-gender-differences/
Smart Phone Users, By the Numbers. (2013). Visually. Retrieved June 17, 2013, from, http://visual.ly/smart-phone-users-numbers
Smith, A. (2013). 35% of American adults own a Smartphone. Pew Research Center. Retrieved June 17, 2013, from, http://www.pewinternet.org/~/media/Files/Reports/2011/PIP_Smartphones.pdf
State-Specific Prevalence of Obesity AmongAdults—United States, 2007. Morbity and Mortality Weekly Report, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved June 17, 2013, from, http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5728a1.htm
9.3 Statistical Inference for Two Population Means with Unknown Population Standard Deviations
Baseball-Almanac. (2013). World Series History. In Baseball-Almanac, 2013. Retrieved June 17, 2013, from, http://www.baseball-almanac.com/ws/wsmenu.shtml
Data. (n.d.). Graduating Engineer + Computer Careers. http://www.graduatingengineer.com
Data. (n.d.). In Microsoft Bookshelf.
Data. (n.d.). United States Senate. Retireved June 17, 2013, from https://www.senate.gov/
List of current United States Senators by Age. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_Senators_by_age
Sectoring by Industry Groups. (n.d.). Nasdaq. Retrieved June 17, 2013, from, http://www.nasdaq.com/markets/barchart-sectors.aspx?page=sectors&base=industry
Strip Clubs: Where Prostitution and Trafficking Happen. (2013). Prostitution Research & Education. Retrieved June 17, 2013, from https://prostitutionresearch.com/strip-clubs-where-prostitution-and-trafficking-happen/
9.5 Statistical Inference for Two Population Proportions
Data. (n.d.). American Cancer Society. Retrieved June 17, 2013, from, http://www.cancer.org/index
Data. (1994, November). Chancellor’s Office, California Community Colleges.
Data. (December). Educational Resources.
Data. (n.d.). Hilton Hotels. Retrieved June 17, 2013, from, http://www.hilton.com
Data. (n.d.). Hyatt Hotels. Retrieved June 17, 2013, from, http://hyatt.com
Data. (n.d.). Statistics. United States Department of Health and Human Services.
Data. (n.d.). Whitney Exhibit on loan to San Jose Museum of Art.
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West Nile Virus. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Division of Vector-Borne Diseases (DVBD). Retrieved June 17, 2013, from, http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/index.htm
10.3 Statistical Inference for a Single Population Variance
AppleInsider Price Guides. (n.d.). Apple Insider. Retrieved June 17, 2013, from, http://appleinsider.com/mac_price_guide
Data. (n.d.). World Bank.
10.4 The Goodness-of-Fit Test
Current Population Reports. (n.d.). U.S. Census Bureau.
Data. (n.d.). The College Board. http://www.collegeboard.com.
Data. (n.d.). U.S. Census Bureau.
Ma, Y., Bertone,E. R., Stanek III, E. J., Reed, G. W., Hebert, J. R., Cohen, N. L., Merriam, P. A., & Ockene, I. S. (2003, July 1). Association between Eating Patterns and Obesity in a Free-living US Adult Population. American Journal of Epidemiology, 158(1), 85-92. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwg117
Ogden, C. L., Carroll, M .D., Kit, B. K., & Flegal, K. M. (2012, January). Prevalence of Obesity in the United States, 2009–2010. NCHS Data Brief no. 82. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Retrieved May 24, 2013 from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db82.pdf
Stevens, B. J. (n.d.). Multi-family and Commercial Solid Waste and Recycling Survey. Arlington County. Retrieved May 24, 2013, from, http://www.arlingtonva.us/departments/EnvironmentalServices/SW/file84429.pdf
10.5 The Test of Independence
DiCamilo, M., & Field, M. (2013, February 14). Most Californians See a Direct Linkage between Obesity and Sugary Sodas. Two in Three Voters Support Taxing Sugar-Sweetened Beverages If Proceeds are Tied to Improving School Nutrition and Physical Activity Programs. The Field Poll. Retrieved May 24, 2013, from, http://field.com/fieldpollonline/subscribers/Rls2436.pdf
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11.3 Statistical Inference for Two Population Variances
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11.4 One-Way ANOVA and Hypothesis Tests for Three or More Population Means
Data. (n.d.). Fourth-grade classroom in 1994 in a private K – 12 school, San Jose, CA.
Hand, D. J., Daly, F., Lunn, A. D., McConway, K. J., & Ostrowski, E. (1994). A Handbook of Small Datasets: Data for Fruitfly Fecundity. Chapman & Hall.
MLB Standings – 2012. ESPN. http://espn.go.com/mlb/standings/_/year/2012
Mackowiak, P. A., Wasserman, S. S., and Levine, M. M. (1992). A Critical Appraisal of 98.6 Degrees F, the Upper Limit of the Normal Body Temperature, and Other Legacies of Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich. Journal of the American Medical Association, 268, 1578-1580.
12.2 Linear Equations
Data. (n.d.). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Data. (n.d.). National Center for Agency Reporting Flu Cases and TB Prevention.
12.5 The Regression Equation
Data. (n.d.). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Data. (n.d.). National Center for Agency Reporting Flu Cases and TB Prevention.
Data. (n.d.). National Center for Health Statistics.
Data. (n.d.). United States Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/cats/transportation/motor_vehicle_accidents_and_fatalities.html
