14.4 AI Categories
Now that we have explored the evolution of artificial intelligence and it is predictions for the future we will delve deeper into the types of AI and its applications. Artificial intelligence can be categorized in a number of ways based on ability and functionality.
Based on Ability
| Narrow AI | Also referred to as artificial narrow intelligence (ANI) or weak AI is a computer’s ability to perform a single task well. This is the type of AI we see today. Natural language processing used in smart assistants like Siri and Google are examples of narrow AI. |
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| General AI | Also referred to as artificial general intelligence (AGI) or strong AI is where artificial intelligence is the same as human intelligence. It means that machines have the ability to apply what they have learned across different tasks, take in new information, and apply reason. |
| Super AI | Also referred to as artificial super intelligence (ASI) is when the computer will be exceed human capabilities. |
Based on Functionality
| Reactive Machines | AI that conducts tasks for specific objectives. It is the first step of any AI system where no learning takes place. An example of this type of AI is Deep Blue the IBM program that beat chess champion Garry Kasparov. |
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| Limited Memory | Is the ability of AI to use past experience and information to make predictions. |
| Theory of Mind | AI with the awareness that others have their own beliefs, objectives, and intentions. This type of AI is not yet developed and will be able to distinguish and understand emotion. |
| Self-Aware | AI with the sense of self and consciousness. This type of AI is not yet developed. |
Applications of AI
There are a number of applications. See the list below.
| Automation | The use of machines, control systems and information technologies to optimize productivity in the production of goods and delivery of services (automation, n.d.). |
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| Robots | The use of machines to perform tasks traditionally done by humans. |
| Intelligent Agents | The use of software to perform specific tasks. |
| Expert Systems | Aim to emulate the human ability to make decisions in specific contexts. |
| Machine Learning | Uses data and algorithms to imitate the way humans learn. |
| Deep Learning | Uses a process that replicates the human brain in data processing and also creates patterns for decision making. |
| Natural Language Processing | Allows computers to understand and communicate in human language. |
Many of these applications of AI will be explored in further detail in the following sections.
Information Systems for Business and Beyond: 13.4 by Shauna Roch; James Fowler; Barbara Smith; and David Bourgeois is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.
