References

Researchers who participated in recorded interviews for this book are highlighted in bold. To learn more about them, please visit the “Meet the Researchers” page. 

Ahajumobi, E. N., & Anderson, P. B. (2020). Homeless Canadians’ perspectives on homelessness in Calgary. Journal of Social, Behavioral and Health Sciences, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.5590/JSBHS.2020.14.1.08 

Benmarhnia, T., Alexander, S., Price, K., Smargiassi, A., King, N., & Kaufman, J. S. (2018). The heterogeneity of vulnerability in public health: a heat wave action plan as a case study. Critical Public Health, 28(5), 619–625. https://doi.org/10.1080/09581596.2017.1322176 

Chen, X., Cooper, I., & Rivier, J. (2021). Homelessness prevention and determinants of housing among first-time and recurrent emergency shelter users in Canada. Housing Studies, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2020.1865520 

Dej, E., Gaetz, S., & Schwan, K. (2020). Turning off the tap: A typology for homelessness prevention. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 41(5), 397–412. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-020-00607-y 

Dutton, D. J., & Jadidzadeh, A. (2019). The incidence of homelessness in Canada is a population-level phenomenon: A comparison of Toronto and Calgary shelter use over time. Canadian Studies in Population, 46(2), 161–171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42650-019-00013-8 

Echenberg, H., & Munn-Rivard, L. (2020). Defining and enumerating homelessness in Canada: Background paper. Ottawa, ON: Library of Parliament. 

Fisher, A., Mago, V., & Latimer, E. (2020). Simulating the evolution of homeless populations in Canada using modified deep q-learning (MDQL) and modified neural fitted q-iteration (MNFQ) algorithms. IEEE Access, 8, 92954–92968. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2994519 

Gaetz, S., Barr, C., Friesen, A., Harris, B., Hill, C., Kovacs-Burns, K., Pauly, B., Pearce, B., Turner, A., & Marsolais, A. (2012) Canadian definition of homelessness. Toronto: Canadian Observatory on Homelessness Press. 

Gaetz, S. (2020). Making the prevention of homelessness a priority: The role of social innovation. The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 79(2), 353–381. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajes.12328 

Gaetz, S. & Dej, E. (2017). A new direction: A framework for homelessness prevention. Toronto: Canadian Observatory on Homelessness Press. 

Gaetz, S., Schwan, K., Redman, M., French, D., & Dej, E. (2018). The roadmap for the prevention of youth homelessness – executive summary. A. Buchnea (Ed.). Toronto, ON: Canadian Observatory on Homelessness Press. 

Jadidzadeh, A., & Kneebone, R. (2018). Patterns and intensity of use of homeless shelters in Toronto. Canadian Public Policy, 44(4), 342–355. https://doi.org/10.3138/cpp.2018-013 

O’Reilly-Fleming, T. (1993). Down and out in Canada: Homeless Canadians. Toronto: Canadian Scholar’s Press. 

Oudshoorn, A., Dej, E., Parsons, C., & Gaetz, S. (2020). Evolving an evidence‐based model for homelessness prevention. Health & Social Care in the Community, 28(5), 1754–1763. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.13000 

Raphael, D. (2016). Social determinants of health: A Canadian perspective, 2nd Edition. Toronto: Canadian Scholar’s Press.

Richard, L., Hwang, S. W., Forchuk, C., Nisenbaum, R., Clemens, K., Wiens, K., … Shariff, S. Z. (2019). Validation study of health administrative data algorithms to identify individuals experiencing homelessness and estimate population prevalence of homelessness in Ontario, Canada. BMJ Open, 9(10), e030221–e030221. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030221 

Rotondi, M. A., O’Campo, P., O’Brien, K., Firestone, M., Wolfe, S. H., Bourgeois, C., & Smylie, J. K. (2017). Our health counts Toronto: Using respondent-driven sampling to unmask census undercounts of an urban Indigenous population in Toronto, Canada. BMJ Open, 7(12), e018936–e018936. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018936 

Thistle, J. (2017). Indigenous definition of homelessness in Canada. Toronto: Canadian Observatory on Homelessness Press. 

Trent University Homelessness Research Collective. (2019). “A good day is waking up inside.” Conversations about homelessness, housing vulnerability, and health care across the City of Kawartha Lakes and Haliburton County. ON: Trent University HRC.  

Turner, A., Albanese, T., & Pakeman, K. (2017). Discerning “functional and absolute zero:” Defining and measuring an end to homelessness in Canada. The School of Public Policy Publications (SPPP), 10(2), 1–43. https://doi.org/10.11575/sppp.v10i0.42616 

Van den Hoonaard, W. (2018). The vulnerability of vulnerability: Why social science researchers should abandon the doctrine of vulnerability. In the Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research Ethics (pp. 305-321). SAFE Publications Ltd. 

Zhang, P., & Kteily-Hawa, R. (2018). Poetry, prose, and personhood: The art of storytelling with the homeless. Canadian Journal for the Study of Adult Education, 30(2), 69-79. 

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Understanding Homelessness in Canada Copyright © 2022 by Kristy Buccieri, James Davy, Cyndi Gilmer, and Nicole Whitmore is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.

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