References

Agarwal, G., Lee, J., McLeod, B., Mahmuda, S., Howard, M., Cockrell, K., & Angeles, R. (2019). Social factors in frequent callers: A description of isolation, poverty and quality of life in those calling emergency medical services frequently. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 684.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6964-1

Alunni-Menichini, K., Bertrand, K., Roy, L., & Brousselle, A. (2020). Current emergency response in Montreal: How does it fit in the services offered to homeless people who use substances? The International Journal of Drug Policy, 82, 102758–102758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102758

Buccieri, K., Oudshoorn, A., Frederick, T., Schiff, R.,  Abramovich, A., Gaetz, S. & Forchuk, C. (2019), Hospital discharge planning for Canadians experiencing homelessness. Housing, Care and Support, 22(1), 4-14. https://doi.org/10.1108/HCS-07-2018-0015

Canham, S., Davidson, S., Custodio, K., Mauboules, C., Good, C., Wister, A. V., & Bosma, H. (2018). Health needs of older homeless persons who are transitioning from hospital to shelter/housing. Innovation in Aging, 2(suppl_1), 56. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igy023.209

Canham, S. L., Davidson, S., Custodio, K., Mauboules, C., Good, C., Wister, A. V., & Bosma, H. (2019). Health supports needed for homeless persons transitioning from hospitals. Health & Social Care in the Community, 27(3), 531–545. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12599

Chang, D. C., Rieb, L., Nosova, E., Liu, Y., Kerr, T., & DeBeck, K. (2018). Hospitalization among street-involved youth who use illicit drugs in Vancouver, Canada: A longitudinal analysis. Harm Reduction Journal, 15(1), 14–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-018-0223-0

Cochrane, A., Pithia, P., Laird, E., Mifflin, K., Sonley-Long, V., & Batt, A. M. (2019). Investigating the attitudes of Canadian paramedic students towards homelessness. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 12(3), 1781–1787. https://doi.org/10.1101/19003483

Fleury, M. J., Grenier, G., Cao, Z., & Meng, X. (2021). Typology of currently or formerly homeless individuals based on their use of health and social services. Community Mental Health Journal, 57, 948-959. DOI: 10.1007/s10597-020-00693-6

Forchuk, C., Gyamfi, S., Martin, M. L., Corring, D., Srivastava, R., & Harerimana, B. (2021). Transitional discharge model for community mental health integration: A focused ethnographic study of clients’ perspectives. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 30(2), 553-562. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12821

Forchuk, C., Martin, M. L., Sherman, D., Corring, D., Srivastava, R., O’Regan, T., Gyamfi, S., & Harerimana, B. (2020). Healthcare professionals’ perceptions of the implementation of the transitional discharge model for community integration of psychiatric clients. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 29(3), 498-507. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12687

Gabet, M., Grenier, G., Cao, Z., & Fleury, M. J. (2019). Predictors of emergency department use among individuals with current or previous experience of homelessness. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(24), 4965. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16244965

Gadermann, A. M., Karim, M. E., Norena, M., Emerson, S. D., Hubley, A. M., Russell, L. B., Nisenbaum, R., Hwang, S. W., Aubry, T., & Palepu, A. (2020). The association of residential instability and hospitalizations among homeless and vulnerably housed individuals: Results from a prospective cohort study. Journal of Urban Health, 97(2), 239–249. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-019-00406-9

Gentil, L., Grenier, G., Bamvita, J. M., & Fleury, M. (2020). Satisfaction with health and community services among homeless and formerly homeless individuals in Quebec, Canada. Health & Social Care in the Community, 28(1), 22–33. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12834

Gilmer, C., & Buccieri, K. (2020). Homeless patients associate clinician bias with suboptimal care for mental illness, addictions, and chronic pain. Journal of Primary Care & Community Health, 11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2150132720910289

Glauser, W. (2018). Should health care dollars be used to house the homeless? Canadian Medical Association Journal (CMAJ), 190(43), E1291–E1292. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.109-5671

Goering, P., Veldhuizen, S., Watson, A., Adair, C., Kopp, B., Latimer, E., Nelson, G., MacNaughton, E., Streiner, D., & Aubry, T. (2014). National at home / chez soi final report. Calgary, AB: Mental Health Commission of Canada. National At Home/Chez Soi Final Report | The Homeless Hub

Hinds, A. M., Bechtel, B., Distasio, J., Roos, L. L., & Lix, L. M. (2018). Changes in healthcare use among individuals who move into public housing: a population-based investigation. BMC Health Services Research, 18(1), 411–411. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3109-7

Jadidzadeh, A., Falvo, N., & Dutton, D. J. (2020). Cost savings of Housing First in a non-experimental setting. Canadian Public Policy, 46(1), 23–36. https://doi.org/10.3138/cpp.2019-017

Jenkinson, J. I. R., Strike, C., Hwang, S. W., & Di Ruggiero, E. (2020). Legal, geographic and organizational contexts that shape knowledge sharing in the hospital discharge process for people experiencing homelessness in Toronto, Canada. Health & Social Care in the Community. Early View. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.13206

Jenkinson, J. I. R., Strike, C., Hwang, S. W. & Di Ruggiero, E. (2021). Nowhere to go: Exploring the social and economic influences on discharging people experiencing homelessness to appropriate destinations in Toronto, Canada. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 112, 992–1001. https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-021-00561-0

Katz, A. S., Brisbois, B., Zerger, S., & Hwang, S. W. (2018). Social impact bonds as a funding method for health and social programs: Potential areas of concern. American Journal of Public Health, 108(2), 210–215. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304157

Kerman, N., Aubry, T., Adair, C. E., Distasio, J, Latimer, E., Somers, J., & Stergiopoulos, V. (2020). Effectiveness of housing first for homeless adults with mental illness who frequently use emergency departments in a multisite randomized controlled trial. Administration and Policy in Mental Health Services Research, 47, 515-525. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-020-01008-3

Laliberté, V., Stergiopoulos, V., Jacob, B., & Kurdyak, P. (2019). Homelessness at discharge and its impact on psychiatric readmission and physician follow-up: a population-based cohort study. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 29, e21–e21. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796019000052

Lamanna, D., Stergiopoulos, V., Durbin, J., O’Campo, P., Poremski, D., & Tepper, J. (2018). Promoting continuity of care for homeless adults with unmet health needs: The role of brief interventions. Health & Social Care in the Community, 26(1), 56–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12461

Latimer, E. A., Rabouin, D., Cao, Z., Ly, A., Powell, G., Adair, C. E., … Veldhuizen, S. R. (2019). Cost-effectiveness of Housing First Intervention With Intensive Case Management Compared With Treatment as Usual for Homeless Adults With Mental Illness: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Network Open, 2(8), e199782–e199782. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9782

Latimer, E. A., Rabouin, D., Cao, Z., Ly, A., Powell, G., Aubry, T., Hwang, S. W.,… Goering, P. N. (2017). Costs of services for homeless people with mental illness in 5 Canadian cities: a large prospective follow-up study. CMAJ Open, 5(3), E576–E585. https://doi.org/10.9778/cmajo.20170018

Mutschler, C., Lichtenstein, S., Kidd, S.A. & Davidson, L. (2019). Transition experiences following psychiatric hospitalization: A systematic review of the literature. Community Mental Health Journal, 55, 1255–1274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-019-00413-9

Purkey, E., & MacKenzie, M. (2019). Experience of healthcare among the homeless and vulnerably housed a qualitative study: opportunities for equity-oriented health care. International Journal for Equity in Health, 18(1), 101–101. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-019-1004-4

Reid, N., Mason, J., Kurdyak, P., Nisenbaum, R., de Oliveira, C., Hwang, S., & Stergiopoulos, V. (2021). Evaluating the impact of a critical time intervention adaptation on health care utilization among homeless adults with mental health needs in a large urban center. Journal of Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743721996114

Richard, L., Booth, R., Rayner, J., Clemens, K. K., Forchuk, C., & Shariff, S. Z. (2021). Testing, infection and complication rates of COVID-19 among people with a recent history of homelessness in Ontario, Canada: A retrospective cohort study. CMAJ Open, 9(1), E1–E9. https://doi.org/10.9778/cmajo.20200287

Richler, M. J., Yousaf, S., Hwang, S. W., & Dewhurst, N. F. (2019). Descriptive study of homeless patients’ perceptions that affect medication adherence. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 76(17), 1288–1295. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxz139

Stergiopoulos, V., Gozdzik, A., Nisenbaum, R., Durbin, J., Hwang, S. W., O’Campo, P., … Wasylenki, D. (2018). Bridging hospital and community care for homeless adults with mental health needs: Outcomes of a brief interdisciplinary intervention. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 63(11), 774–784. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743718772539

Stergiopoulos, V., Gozdzik, A., Nisenbaum, R., Lamanna, D., Hwang, S. W., Tepper, J., & Wasylenki, D. (2017). Integrating hospital and community care for homeless people with unmet mental health needs: Program rationale, study protocol and sample description of a brief multidisciplinary case management intervention. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 15(2), 362–378. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-017-9731-5

Stergiopoulos, V., Gozdzik, A., Tan de Bibiana, J., Guimond, T., Hwang, S. W., Wasylenki, D. A., & Leszcz, M. (2016). Brief case management versus usual care for frequent users of emergency departments: The coordinated access to care from hospital emergency departments (CATCH-ED) randomized controlled trial. BMC Health Services Research, 16(1), 432–432. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-016-1666-1

Strobel, S., Burcul, I., Dai, J. H., Ma, Z., Jamani, S., & Hossain, R. (2021). Characterizing people experiencing homelessness and trends in homelessness using population-level emergency department visit data in Ontario, Canada. Ottawa: Statistics Canada, Health Reports.

Vogel, M., Frank, A., Choi, F., Strehlau, V., Nikoo, N., Nikoo, M., … Schütz, C. G. (2017). Chronic pain among homeless persons with mental illness. Pain Medicine, 18(12), 2280–2288. https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnw324

Wang, A., Pridham, K.F., Nisenbaum, R., Pedersen, C., Brown, R., & Hwang, S. W. (2021). Factors associated with readmission among general internal medicine patients experiencing homelessness. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 36, 1944–1950. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-06483-w

Wiens, K., Nisenbaum, R., Sucha, E., Aubry, T., Farrell, S., Palepu, A., Duhoux, A., Gadermann, A., & Hwang, S. W. (2021a). Does housing improve health care utilization and costs? A longitudinal analysis of health administrative data link to a cohort of individuals with a history of homelessness. Medical Care, 59, S110-S116. 10.1097/MLR.0000000000001379

Wiens, K., Rosella, L.C., Kurdyak, P., Chen, S., Aubry, T., Stergiopoulos, V., & Hwang, S. W. (2021b). Factors associated with higher healthcare costs in a cohort of homeless adults with a mental illness and a general cohort of adults with a history of homelessness. BMC Health Serv Res, 21, 555. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06562-6

Wiens, K., Rosella, L. C., Kurdyak, P., & Hwang, S. W. (2020). Patterns and predictors of high-cost users of the health system: A data linkage protocol to combine a cohort study and randomised controlled trial of adults with a history of homelessness. BMJ Open, 10(12), e039966–e039966. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039966

Wolfstadt, J. I., Pincus, D., Kreder, H. J., & Wasserstein, D. (2019). Association between socioeconomic deprivation and surgical complications in adults undergoing ankle fracture fixation: A population-based analysis. Canadian Journal of Surgery, 62(5), 320–327. https://doi.org/10.1503/cjs.012018

Wong, A., Chen, J., Dicipulo, R., Weiss, D., Sleet, D. A., & Francescutti, L. H. (2020). Combatting homelessness in Canada: Applying lessons learned from six tiny villages to the Edmonton bridge healing program. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(17), 6279–. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176279

Zhang, L., Norena, M., Gadermann, A., Hubley, A., Russell, L., Aubry, T., To, M. J., Farrell, S., Hwang, S. W., & Palepu, A. (2018). Concurrent disorders and health care utilization among homeless and vulnerably housed persons in Canada. Journal of Dual Diagnosis, 14(1), 21–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/15504263.2017.1392055

Zuccaro, L., Champion, C., Bennett, S., & Ying, Y. (2018). Understanding the surgical care needs and use of outpatient surgical care services among homeless patients at the Ottawa Hospital. Canadian Journal of Surgery, 61(6), 424–429. https://doi.org/10.1503/cjs.001317