References
Baker Collins, S., Smith-Carrier, T., Gazso, A., & Smith, C. (2020). Resisting the culture of poverty narrative: Perspectives of social assistance recipients. Journal of Poverty, 24(1), 72â93. https://doi.org/10.1080/10875549.2019.1678551
Bardwell, G., Kerr, T., Boyd, J., & McNeil, R. (2018). Characterizing peer roles in an overdose crisis: Preferences for peer workers in overdose response programs in emergency shelters. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 190, 6â8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.05.023
Baumann, R. M., Hamilton-Wright, S., Riley, D. L., Brown, K., Hunt, C., Michalak, A., & Matheson, F. I. (2019). Experiences of violence and head injury among women and transgender women sex workers. Sexuality Research & Social Policy, 16(3), 278â288. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-018-0334-0
Bourque, J., VanTil, L., Nadeau, J., LeBlanc, S. R., Ebner-Daigle, J., Gibbons, C., & Darte, K. (2017). Physical health status of homeless Veterans in Canada: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health, 3(2), 4â11. https://doi.org/10.3138/jmvfh.4251
Burns, V. F., & Sussman, T. (2019). Homeless for the first time in later life: Uncovering more than one pathway. The Gerontologist, 59(2), 251â259. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnx212
Burns, V. F., Sussman, T., & Bourgeois-GuĂ©rin, V. (2018). Later-life homelessness as disenfranchised grief. Canadian Journal on Aging, 37(2), 171â184. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0714980818000090
Canham, S. L., Battersby, L., Fang, M. L., Wada, M., Barnes, R., & Sixsmith, A. (2018). Senior services that support housing first in metro Vancouver. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 61(1), 104â125. https://doi.org/10.1080/01634372.2017.1391919
Cerswell Kielburger, L., Rockman, P., & Baranek, P. (2018). Preventing burnout among service providers. In S. Kidd, N. Slesnick, T. Frederick, J. Karabanow, & S. Gaetz (eds.), Mental health & addiction interventions for youth experiencing homelessness: Practical strategies for front-line providers. Toronto, ON: Canadian Observatory on Homelessness.
Charron, C. B., Hudani, A., Kaur, T., Rose, T., Florence, K., Jama, S., & PakhalĂ©, S. (2018). Assessing community (peer) researcherâs experiences with conducting spirometry and being engaged in the âParticipatory research in Ottawa: Management and point-of-care for tobacco-dependenceâ (PROMPT) project. Research Involvement and Engagement, 4(1), 43â43. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40900-018-0125-z
Cully, L., Wu, Q., & Slesnick, N. (2018). Ecologically based family therapy for adolescents who have left home. In S. Kidd, N. Slesnick, T. Frederick, J. Karabanow, & S. Gaetz (eds.), Mental health & addiction interventions for youth experiencing homelessness: Practical strategies for front-line providers. Toronto, ON: Canadian Observatory on Homelessness.
da Silva Rebelo, M. J., FernĂĄndez, M., & Achotegui, J. (2018). Mistrust, anger, and hostility in refugees, asylum seekers, and immigrants: A systematic review. Canadian Psychology, 59(3), 239â251. https://doi.org/10.1037/cap0000131
Durbin, A., Lunsky, Y., Wang, R., Nisenbaum, R., Hwang, S. W., OâCampo, P., & Stergiopoulos, V. (2018). Borderline intellectual functioning and lifetime duration of homelessness among homeless adults with mental illness. Healthcare Policy, 14(2), 40â46. https://doi.org/10.12927/hcpol.2018.25687
Firang, D. (2019). Exploring housing careers among Ghanaians in Toronto, Canada. Housing Studies, 34(5), 868â891. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2018.1489527
Firang, D. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on international students in Canada. International Social Work, 63(6), 820â824. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020872820940030
Firestone, M., Syrette, J., Brant, T., Laing, M., & Teekens, S. (2021). Findings from a process evaluation of an Indigenous holistic housing support and mental health case management program in downtown Toronto. International Journal of Indigenous Health, 16(2), 139-150. https://doi.org/10.32799/ijih.v16i2.33173
Fleury, M. J., Grenier, G., Cao, Z., & Meng, X. (2020). Typology of currently or formerly homeless individuals based on their use of health and social services. Community Mental Health Journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-020-00693-6
Forchuk, C., Richardson, J., Atyeo, H., & Serrato, J. (2021a). Qualitative findings from a housing first evaluation project for homeless veterans in Canada. Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health. Advance Access Article. https://doi.org/10.3138/jmvfh-2021-0052
Forchuk, C., Russell, G., Richardson, J., Perreault, C., Hassan, H., Lucyk, B., & Gyamfi, S. (2021b). Family matters in Ontario: Understanding and addressing homelessness among newcomer families in Canada. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research. https://doi.org/10.1177/0844562121998206
Gazso, A., Baker Collins, S., Smith-Carrier, T., & Smith, C. (2019). The generationing of social assistance receipt and âwelfare dependencyâ in Ontario, Canada. Social Problems. https://doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spz032
Global Social Service Workforce Alliance Case Management Interest Group. (2018). Core concepts and principles of effective case management: Approaches for the social service workforce. 1st Edition. Global Social Service Workforce Alliance. Core concepts and principles of effective case management
Greer, A., Buxton, J. A., Pauly, B., & Bungay, V. (2021). Organizational support for frontline harm reduction and systems navigation work among workers with living and lived experience: qualitative findings from British Columbia, Canada. Harm Reduction Journal, 18(1), 60. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-021-00507-2
Hasford, J., Amponsah, P., & Hylton, T. (2018). (2018). Anti-racist praxis with street-involved African Canadian youth. In S. Kidd, N. Slesnick, T. Frederick, J. Karabanow, & S. Gaetz (eds.), Mental health & addiction interventions for youth experiencing homelessness: Practical strategies for front-line providers. Toronto, ON: Canadian Observatory on Homelessness.
Hopper, E. K., Olivet, J., & Bassuk, E. L. (2018). Trauma-informed care for street-involved youth. In S. Kidd, N. Slesnick, T. Frederick, J. Karabanow, & S. Gaetz (eds.), Mental health & addiction interventions for youth experiencing homelessness: Practical strategies for front-line providers. Toronto, ON: Canadian Observatory on Homelessness.
Humphries, J., & Canham, S. L. (2021). Conceptualizing the shelter and housing needs and solutions of homeless older adults. Housing Studies, 36(2), 157â179. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2019.1687854
Hwang, S. W., Wilkins, R., Tjepkema, M., OâCampo, P. J., & Dunn, J. R. (2009). Mortality among residents of shelters, rooming houses, and hotels in Canada: 11 year follow-up study. BMJ, 339. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b4036
Jadidzadeh, A., & Falvo, N. (2019). Patterns of exits from housing in a homelessness system of care: the case of Calgary, Alberta. Housing Studies, 34(1), 66â91. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2018.1432755
Kaltsidis, G., Grenier, G., Cao, Z., & Fleury, M. J. (2020). Change in housing status among homeless and formerly homeless individuals in Quebec, Canada: A profile study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(17), 6254. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176254
Kennedy, M. C., Boyd, J., Mayer, S., Collins, A., Kerr, T., & McNeil, R. (2019). Peer worker involvement in low-threshold supervised consumption facilities in the context of an overdose epidemic in Vancouver, Canada. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 225, 60â68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.02.014
Kerman, N., Ecker, J., Gaetz, S., Tiderington, E., & Kidd, S. A. (2021). Mental health and wellness of service providers working with people experiencing homelessness in Canada: A national survey from the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1177/07067437211018782
Kidd, S. A., Vitopoulos, N., Frederick, T., Daley, M., Peters, K., Clarc, K., ⊠McKenzie, K. (2019). Peer support in the homeless youth context: Requirements, design, and outcomes. Child & Adolescent Social Work Journal, 36(6), 641â654. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-019-00610-1
Kozloff, N., Bergmans, Y., Snider, C., Langley, J., & Stergiopoulos, V. (2018). Crisis response with street-involved youth. In S. Kidd, N. Slesnick, T. Frederick, J. Karabanow, & S. Gaetz (eds.), Mental health & addiction interventions for youth experiencing homelessness: Practical strategies for front-line providers. Toronto, ON: Canadian Observatory on Homelessness.
Malenfant, J. A., Nichols, N., & Schwan, K. (2019). Chasing funding âto eat our own tailâ: The invisible emotional work of making social change. Canadian Journal of Nonprofit and Social Economy Research, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.29173/cjnser.2019v10n2a307
Mamdani, Z., McKenzie, S., Pauly, B., Cameron, F., Conway-Brown, J., Edwards, D., Howell, A., Scott, T., Seguin, R., Woodrow, P., & Buxton, J. A. (2021). “Running myself ragged”: stressors faced by peer workers in overdose response settings. Harm Reduction Journal, 18(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-020-00449-1
Marsella, O., Forchuk, C., & Oudshoorn, A. (2020). Exploring harm reduction among Canadian Veterans experiencing homelessness. Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health, 6(2), 17â25. https://doi.org/10.3138/jmvfh-2019-0042
Milaney, K., Kamran, H., & Williams, N. (2020). A portrait of late life homelessness in Calgary, Alberta. Canadian Journal on Aging, 39(1), 42â51. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0714980819000229
Milaney, K., Lockerbie, S. L., Fang, X. Y., & Ramage, K. (2019). The role of structural violence in family homelessness. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 110(5), 554â562. https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-019-00219-y
Nichols, N., & Braimoh, J. (2018). Community safety, housing precariousness and processes of exclusion: An institutional ethnography from the standpoints of youth in an âunsafeâ urban neighbourhood. Critical Sociology, 44(1), 157â172. https://doi.org/10.1177/0896920516658941
Oudshoorn, A., Benbow, S., Esses, V., Baker, L., Annor, B., Coplan, I., Shantz, J., & Ezukuse, V. (2020). Homelessness prevention for refugees: Results from an analysis of pathways to shelter. European Journal of Homelessness; 14(2), 189-205. EJH_14-2_WEB.pdf (feantsaresearch.org)
Paradis, E., Wilson, R. M., & Logan, J. (2014). Nowhere else to go: Inadequate housing & risk of homelessness among families in Torontoâs aging rental buildings. Toronto, Ontario: Cities Centre, University of Toronto.
Parkes, T., Matheson, C., Carver, H., Budd, J., Liddell, D., Wallace, J., ⊠Foster, R. (2019). Supporting harm reduction through peer support (SHARPS): Testing the feasibility and acceptability of a peer-delivered, relational intervention for people with problem substance use who are homeless, to improve health outcomes, quality of life and social functioning and reduce: study protocol. Pilot and Feasibility Studies, 5(1), 64â64. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40814-019-0447-0
Paul, S., Corneau, S., Boozary, T., & Stergiopoulos, V. (2018). Coping and resilience among ethnoracial individuals experiencing homelessness and mental illness. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 64(2), 189â197. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764017748986
Pauly, B., Mamdani, Z., Mesley, L., McKenzie, S., Cameron, F., Edwards, D., Howell, A., Knott, M., Scott, T., Seguin, R., Greer, A. M., & Buxton, J. A. (2021). “It’s an emotional roller coaster⊠But sometimes it’s fucking awesome”: Meaning and motivation of work for peers in overdose response environments in British Columbia. The International Journal on Drug Policy, 88, 103015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.103015
Polillo, A., Sylvestre, J., Kerman, N., Lee, C. M., Aubry, T., & Czechowski, K. (2018). The experiences of adolescents and young adults residing with their families in emergency shelters in Canada. Journal of Children & Poverty, 24(2), 89â107. https://doi.org/10.1080/10796126.2018.1470438
Pottie, K., Kendall, C. E., Aubry, T., Magwood, O., Andermann, A., Salvalaggio, G., ⊠Hwang, S. W., Stergiopoulos, V., & Tugwell, P. (2020). Clinical guideline for homeless and vulnerably housed people, and people with lived homelessness experience. Canadian Medical Association Journal (CMAJ), 192(10), E240âE254. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.190777
Ratnam, C., Fitzpatrick, A., & Thang, H. (2018). Engaging with newcomer youth experiencing homelessness. In S. Kidd, N. Slesnick, T. Frederick, J. Karabanow, & S. Gaetz (eds.), Mental health & addiction interventions for youth experiencing homelessness: Practical strategies for front-line providers. Toronto, ON: Canadian Observatory on Homelessness.
Reid, N., Kron, A., Lamanna, D., Wen, S., Durbin, A., Rajakulendran, T., ⊠Stergiopoulos, V. (2021). Building bridges to housing for homeless adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities: Outcomes of a crossâsector intervention. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 34(1), 16â27. https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12779
Roy, S., Svoboda, T., Issacs, B., Budin, R., Sidhu, A., Biss, R. K., ⊠Connelly, J. (2020). Examining the cognitive and mental health related disability rates among the homeless: Policy implications of changing the definition of disability in Ontario. Canadian Psychology = Psychologie Canadienne, 61(2), 118â126. https://doi.org/10.1037/cap0000211
Sandu, R. D., Anyan, F., & Stergiopoulos, V. (2021). Housing first, connection second: the impact of professional helping relationships on the trajectories of housing stability for people facing severe and multiple disadvantage. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 249â249. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10281-2
St. Arnault, D., & Merali, N. (2019a). Pathways for refugeesâ descent into homelessness in Edmonton, Alberta: The urgent need for policy and procedural change. Journal of International Migration and Integration, 20(4), 1161â1179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-019-00652-5
St. Arnault, D., & Merali, N. (2019b). Refugee pathways out of homelessness in urban Alberta, Canada: implications for social justice-oriented counselling. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 32(2), 227â245. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070.2018.1437540
Sylvestre, J., Kerman, N., Polillo, A., Lee, C. M., & Aubry, T. (2017). A profile of families in the emergency family homeless shelter system in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Canadian Journal of Urban Research, 26(1), 40â51. Canadian Journal of Urban Research
Sylvestre, J., Kerman, N., Polillo, A., Lee, C. M., Aubry, T., & Czechowski, K. (2018). A Qualitative study of the pathways into and impacts of family homelessness. Journal of Family Issues, 39(8), 2265â2285. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X17746709
Waegemakers Schiff, J. (2015). Working with homeless and vulnerable people: Basic skills and practices. UK: Oxford University Press.
Waegemakers Schiff, J., & Lane, A. M. (2019). PTSD symptoms, vicarious traumatization, and burnout in front line workers in the homeless sector. Community Mental Health Journal, 55(3), 454â462. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-018-00364-7
Wang, J. Z., Mott, S., Magwood, O., Mathew, C., Mclellan, A., Kpade, V., ⊠Andermann, A. (2019). The impact of interventions for youth experiencing homelessness on housing, mental health, substance use, and family cohesion: a systematic review. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 1528â1528. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7856-0