Week 4

SDG #5 – Gender Equality

Video

In this 25-minute video made available from the SDG Academy, Jeffrey Sachs looks at SDG #5 – Gender Equality. This video focuses on the persistence of gender inequality, the role of diminishing gender inequality in sustainable development, highlighting the existence of poverty disparities between genders and educational inequality between genders.

Analysis

Women and girls often face multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination, including due to their race, ethnicity, geographic location, income and education status, religion, language, sexual orientation, gender identity, age, ability or migrant or refugee status. Around the world, including in Canada, discrimination and ingrained social and gender biases continue to limit women and girls’ participation and advancement in economic, social, and political spheres[1].

Despite progress over the last several decades with more girls going to school, fewer forced early marriages, increased women working in leadership positions, and improved equity laws, gender inequality still persists[2]. Many challenges remain such as discriminatory laws and social norms with woman less valued than men by many societies. Worldwide, women only make 77 cents for every dollar earned by men[3]. Wage inequality between men and women persists in all countries and across all sectors, because women’s work is persistently under-valued and remunerated less3. For Canada, women earn 87 cents for every dollar earned by a man[4].

Women experience far greater levels of violence and harassment than man, with 1 in 5 women and girls (globally) between the ages of 15 and 49 report experiencing physical or sexual violence by an intimate partner within a 12-month period2.  For Canada, 4 in 10 women have experienced some form of intimate partner violence in their lifetimes[5]. In 2018, 44% of women in the Canadian population reported experiencing some form of psychological, physical, or sexual violence by an intimate partner in their lifetimes5. Approximately every 6 days, a woman in the Canadian population is killed by her intimate partner, with Indigenous women and girls 12 times more likely to be murdered or go missing than other women[6].

The 2030 Agenda envisions a world where all women and girls are valued and empowered, have control over their own lives, fully participate as decision makers in their homes and societies, and contribute to and benefit from development and prosperity equally. Gender equality is not only a fundamental human right, but a necessary foundation for a peaceful, prosperous, and sustainable world.

Fast Facts

  • One in five women and girls have experienced physical and/or sexual violence by an intimate partner within the last 12 months;
  • Globally, in 18 countries, husbands can legally prevent their wives from working; in 39 countries, daughters and sons do not have equal inheritance rights; and 49 countries lack laws protecting women from domestic violence;
  • Globally, 750 million women and girls were married before the age of 18 and at least 200 million women and girls in 30 countries (were this practice is concentrated) have undergone female genital mutilation;
  • Women are underrepresented at all levels of management and political leadership, working disproportionately in insecure labour markets with nearly 60% of women working in the informal economy, which puts them at greater risk of falling into poverty, food insecurity, and having poor health and well-being;
  • While women have made important inroads into political office across the world, their representation in national parliaments at 23.7% is still far from parity;
  • Only 52% of women married or in a union freely make their own decisions about sexual relations, contraceptive use, and health care;
  • Globally, women are just 13% of agricultural land holders.

Why it Matters

Why should I care about gender equality? Women and girls represent half of the world’s population and therefore also half of its potential. Unfortunately, gender inequality persists everywhere and stagnates social progress, and is detrimental to economic growth causing increased political and societal tensions, leading to instability and conflicts.

Targets and Indicators for Canada

Below we will look at Canada’s way of measuring progress on SDG #5 – Gender Equality. Note the targets and indicators chosen[7].

 

Goal 5 Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls Canadian Ambition: Eliminate gender-based violence and harassment Target Indicators T5.1.1 Fewer women are victims of intimate partner violence and sexual assault I5.1.1 Proportion of the population who self-reported being sexually assaulted in the last 12 months Source: Statistics Canada. Survey of safety in public and private spaces I5.1.2 Proportion of women and girls aged 15 years and older subjected to physical, sexual or psychological violence by a current or former intimate partner in the last 12 months Source: Statistics Canada. Survey of safety in public and private spaces Canadian Ambition: Gender equality in leadership roles and at all levels of decision-making Target Indicator T5.2.1 Greater representation of women in leadership roles I5.2.1 Proportion of leadership roles held by women Sources: Statistics Canada. Table 37-10-0208-01 Canadian judges by selected demographic characteristics and sex; Statistics Canada. Table 10-10-0137-01 Representation of women and men elected to national Parliament and of ministers appointed to federal Cabinet; Statistics Canada. Table 14-10-0335-01 Labour force characteristics by occupation, annual; Statistics Canada. Table 41-10-0048-01 Representation of men and women in First Nation band councils and Chiefs in First Nation communities by sex Canadian Ambition: Canadians share responsibilities within households and families Target Indicator T5.3.1 Equal sharing of parenting roles and family responsibilities I5.3.1 Proportion of time spent on unpaid domestic and care work Source: Statistics Canada. Table 45-10-0014-01 Daily average time spent in hours on various activities by age group and sex, 15 years and over, Canada and provinces

Recommended Reading

 

  1. Global Affairs Canada. (2018). Canada’s Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: voluntary national review. ↵
  2. United Nations. (2021). Sustainable Development Goals. ↵
  3. UN Women. (2021). Equal pay for work of equal value. ↵
  4. Statistics Canada. (2021). The gender wage gap in Canada: 1998 to 2018. ↵
  5. Statistics Canada. (2021). Intimate partner violence in Canada, 2018. ↵
  6. Canadian Women’s Foundation. (2021). What is the scope of gender-based violence in Canada? ↵
  7. Statistics Canada. (2021). The Canadian Indicator Framework for the Sustainable Development Goals - 2021. ↵

License

Icon for the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

Introduction to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Copyright © by Jocelyn Baker is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.

Share This Book