8 2.1 Introduction

Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a form of respiratory failure, associated with a high degree of morality. It is commonly associated with acute inflammation and the buildup of immune cells in the alveolar space. Despite improvements in healthcare, technology and research, therapeutic approaches are limited due to its rapid progression, and the diversity which lies among the patient population. It is critical for researchers to get a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms in ARDS and its contribution to the observed conditions of each patient. This will help in developing effective and therapeutic therapies in the treatment of ARDS.

Previous studies have observed the number of neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of those who do not survive to be higher, suggesting that neutrophil migration may be involved in poor disease outcomes. To date, scientists are aware of the role of CXCL8 as an important neutrophil chemoattractant. In addition, newer evidence shows the participation of CCL7 and CCL2 in neutrophil recruitment during infection. This chapter will look at the emerging research of CCL2 and CCL7 in ARDS patients, as well as explore the significance of ARDS today.