Range of a 4×5 matrix via its SVD

Returning to this example, the Frobenius norm is the square root of the sum of the squares of the elements, and is equal to \|A\|_F=\sqrt{\sigma_1^2+\sigma_2^2+\sigma_3^2}=5.4772. The largest singular value norm is simply \sigma_1=4. Thus, the Euclidean norm of the output A x cannot exceed four times that of the input x.

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Hyper-Textbook: Optimization Models and Applications Copyright © by L. El Ghaoui. All Rights Reserved.

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