2.0 Learning Objectives

In this chapter, students will learn to:

• Explain how scientific laws apply consistently throughout the universe and how this consistency benefits fields like astronomy.
• Describe the process of expressing numbers in both standard notation and scientific notation, and demonstrate the ability to convert between the two forms.
• Use scientific notation to describe distances in the universe, such as using light-years as a unit of measurement.
• Analyze the concept of speed, including average speed and instantaneous speed, and its relationship to distance and time.
• Examine the significance of the speed of light as a fundamental limit in receiving information from distant celestial objects.
• Create and solve ratios and proportions to express and solve problems involving comparisons of quantities, such as converting between weights on different planetary bodies.
• Apply properties of circles to calculate circumference and area, and explore the volume and surface area of a sphere based on its radius.