3.11 Indirect Approach

When to use the indirect approach

When an audience analysis determines that a reader will (a) respond unfavourably to a message or (b) need to be persuaded, effective writers use the indirect approach.

The indirect approach is used when delivering bad news such as

  • refusing a credit request
  • announcing an increase in rates
  • downsizing employee count
  • refusing a proposal

The indirect approach is also used when persuasion is required. Examples include

  • requesting a favour
  • introducing a new product or service (sales letter)
  • applying for a position (resume cover letter)
  • convincing people to accept a change that might affect them unfavourably (major restructuring changes with a company)

The table below provides two models for indirect approach writing and contrasts them to the direct approach. Notice that in the indirect approach, the main point is presented in the middle paragraphs.

Three Writing Approaches
Indirect Approach for Bad News Indirect Approach for Persuasion Direct Approach for Routine Messages
Opening
  • begin with a buffer statement–a few sentences that guide the reader to the explanation
  • create interest
  • state the main point
Middle (first part)

  • provide a reasonable explanation

(second part)

  • state the bad news, offer alternative
  • provide details that highlight the benefits of your product or service
  • provide all details that the reader requires
Close
  • close with a goodwill statement
  • confidently request reader action, remind of benefits
  • close with a positive restatement or request action

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Writing and Critical Thinking Skills for BUSN732 Students Copyright © by Sylvia Vrh-Zoldos and Lillian Mak is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.

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