9.10 References & Media Attributions

References

Arlington Cemetery. (n.d.). The tomb of the unknown soldier. Arlington National Cemetery. https://www.arlingtoncemetery.mil/Explore/Tomb-of-the-Unknown-Soldier

Anne Frank Museum. (n.d.).https://www.annefrank.org/nl/

Attwa, Y., Refaat, M. & Kandil, Y. (2022). A study of the relationship between contemporary memorial landscape and user perception. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 13(1), 101527.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2021.06.013

Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum. (n.d.). https://www.auschwitz.org/en/

Australian War Memorial (AWM). (n.d.) What is commemoration? https://www.awm.gov.au/learn/schools/resources/commemoration/whatis

Barajas, J. (February 22, 2021). Why we need COVID memorials now – and for the future. PBS. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/arts/why-we-need-covid-memorials-now-and-for-the-future

Barry, C. (October 2021). A world remembers: Memorials honour COVID-19’s five million dead. CTV News. https://www.ctvnews.ca/health/coronavirus/a-world-remembers-memorials-honour-covid-19-s-five-million-dead-1.5645209

BC Memorial Quilt honouring Indigenous women and girls. (May 10, 2016). Flickr. https://www.flickr.com/search/?sort=interestingness-desc&safe_search=1&text=bcmemorialquilt&view_all=1

Benjamin, E. (June 24, 2020). Places and spaces of contested identity in the memorials and monuments of Paris. Modern & Contemporary France, 29(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/09639489.2020.1784859 

Black, J. (n.d.). The Redress Project. Jaime Black Artist. https://www.jaimeblackartist.com/exhibitions/

Bonder, J. (May 19, 2009). On memory, trauma, public space, monuments and memorials. Places, 21(1), 62-69. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4g8812kv#:~:text=Volume%2021%2C%20Issue%201-,Download%20PDF,-Share

British Columbia. (May 10, 2016). B.C. unveils quilt honouring Indigenous women and girls. https://news.gov.bc.ca/releases/2016ARR0033-000749

Bruggeman, S. (2020). Memorials and monuments. Parks Stewardship Forum, 36(3): 465–470. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9m20m5jp

Canada. (n.d.-a). Memorials in Canada. https://www.canada.ca/en/services/defence/caf/militaryhistory/memorials-monuments-cemeteries/memorials-canada.html

Canada. (n.d.-b). National Aboriginal Veterans Monument. https://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/remembrance/memorials/national-inventory-canadian-memorials/details/7972

Canada. (n.d.-c). Nurses’ Memorial. https://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/remembrance/memorials/national-inventory-canadian-memorials/details/9363

Canada. (n.d.-d). Tomb of the unknown soldier. https://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/remembrance/memorials/national-inventory-canadian-memorials/details/9367

Canada. (July 6, 2020). Memorials in Canada. https://www.canada.ca/en/services/defence/caf/militaryhistory/memorials-monuments-cemeteries/memorials-canada.html

Canadian War Museum. (n.d.). Remembrance – Memorials in Canada. Canada and the First World War. https://www.warmuseum.ca/firstworldwar/history/after-the-war/remembrance/memorials-in-canada/

Cascone, S. (March 12, 2021). How do you mourn a pandemic? See how artists around the world are building monuments to those who died of COVID-19. Art Net. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/covid-19-memorials-1951143

Clark, J. (2013). Reconciliation through remembrance? War memorials and the victims of Vukovar. The International Journal of Transitional Justice, 7(1), 116-135. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijtj/ijs031

Council of Europe (COE). (n.d.). Remembrance. https://www.coe.int/en/web/compass/remembrance 

Cudny, W. & Appelblad, H. (2019). Monuments and their function in urban public space. Geografisk Tisskrift – Norwegian Journal of Geography, 73(5), 273-289. https://doi-org.ledproxy2.uwindsor.ca/10.1080/00291951.2019.1694976

Forty years: Forty powerful Quilt stories. (2021). 40 years later: Activism, resilience, hope & remembrance. National AIDS Memorial. https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/e/2PACX-1vQHdIFcBsdMKV9frd005e85SyfBbq7SH9sNsaSxFhBtyQdRNTJmOnkYAD9a7D3AHnfGE-HkPV_2T6JT/pub?start=false&loop=false&delayms=3000&slide=id.gd80c829b9e_4_22

Glovier, K. (June 12, 2020). Black lives matter protests: Why are statues so powerful? BBC.com. https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20200612-black-lives-matter-protests-why-are-statues-so-powerful

Guichaoua, A. (May 5, 2021). In Rwanda genocide commemorations are infused with political and diplomatic agendas.TheConversation.com. https://theconversation.com/in-rwanda-genocide-commemorations-are-infused-with-political-and-diplomatic-agendas-160283

Gurler, E. & Ozer, B. (August 20, 2013). The effects of public memorials on social memory and urban identity. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 82, 858-863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.361 

Kasabavo, A. (2008). Memories, memorials and commemoration. History and Theory, 47, 331-350. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2303.2008.00458.x

Kerby, M., Baguley, M., Bedford, A., & Gehrmann, R. (2021). If these stones could speak: War memorials and contested memory. Historical Encounters, 8(3), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.52289/hej8.301 

Kigali Genocide Memorial (KGM). (n.d.). https://kgm.rw/about/our-mission/

Lachendro, S. (2017). Genocide museums and memorials: How the politics of victimization and the entertainment factor of certain institutions cause misinterpretations of genocide. Honors Research Projects. 589. https://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1603&context=honors_research_projects

Lewis, J. & Fraser, M. (1996). Patches of grief and rage: Visitor responses to the NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt. Qualitative Sociology, 19(4), 433-451. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02393368

Lurie, S. (September 8, 2020). ‘Illegality’ of monument destruction is entirely the point. Toronto Star. https://www.thestar.com/opinion/contributors/2020/09/08/illegality-of-monument-destruction-is-entirely-the-point.html

MacDonald, B. (June 24, 2021). ‘Canada’s responsibility’: Trudeau responds to report of unmarked graves at residential school site. CBC. https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-responds-marieval-residential-school-discovery-1.6078601

Manitoba. (n.d.). A brief history of war memorial design. https://www.gov.mb.ca/chc/hrb/internal_reports/pdfs/war_memorials_brief_history.pdf

Margry, P., & Sánchez-Carretero, C. (2007). Memorializing traumatic death. Anthropology Today, 23(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8322.2007.00508.x

McPhee, D. (April 23, 2018). The National Day of Mourning is a reminder workplaces should be safe. TheConversation.com. https://theconversation.com/the-national-day-of-mourning-is-a-reminder-workplaces-should-be-safe-95186

Monuments honouring MMIWG. (2021). KairosCanada. https://www.kairoscanada.org/missing-murdered-indigenous-women-girls/monuments-honouring-mmiwg

Mitchell, K. (2003). Monuments, memorials, and the politics of memory. Urban Geography, 25(4), 442-459. https://doi-org.ledproxy2.uwindsor.ca/10.2747/0272-3638.24.5.442

Murphy, K. (2021). Fear and loathing in monuments: Rethinking the politics and practices of monumentality and monumentalization. Memory Studies, 14(6), 1143-1158. muarsportal.info/resolve/17506980/v14i0006/1143_falimrapomam.xml

National AIDS Memorial. (n.d.). The History of the Quilt. https://www.aidsmemorial.org/quilt-history

National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls (MMIWG). (2019). A legal analysis of genocide: Supplementary report. https://www.mmiwg-ffada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Supplementary-Report_Genocide.pdf

Native Women’s Association of Canada (NWAC). (n.d.). Fact sheet: Missing and murdered Aboriginal women and girls. https://www.nwac.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Fact_Sheet_Missing_and_Murdered_Aboriginal_Women_and_Girls.pdf

Native Womens Wilderness. (n.d.). MMIWG. https://www.nativewomenswilderness.org/mmiw

No Stone Left Along (NSLA). Why we observe Remembrance Day. (n.d.). https://www.nostoneleftalone.ca/why-we-celebrate-remembrance-day#:~:text=Remembrance%20Day%20is%20a%20memorial,duty%20to%20keep%20us%20free.

Orange Shirt Day. (n.d.). The story of the orange shirt. https://www.orangeshirtday.org/about-us.html

Parliament Hill memorial to Residential School children taken down. (October 22, 2021). CBC. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/shoe-memorial-residential-school-victims-parliament-hill-ottawa-1.6221556

Perez, J. (June 25, 2021). Memorial for indigenous children lost and buried at former residential schools grows on parliament hill. CTV News Ottawa. https://ottawa.ctvnews.ca/memorial-for-indigenous-children-lost-and-buried-at-former-residential-schools-grows-on-parliament-hill-1.5485367

Popescu, D. & Schult, T. (2020). Performative Holocaust commemoration in the 21st century. Holocaust Studies, 26(2), 135-151. https://doi.org/10.1080/17504902.2019.1578452

Powell, R. (2018). Memorial and memorialization: How war memorials shape historical narratives of Canada’s role in military conflict. BA Thesis. University of Victoria BC. https://www.uvic.ca/humanities/history/assets/docs/Honours%20Thesis%20-%20Powel%20Rebecca%202018.pdf

Schwab, R. (2004). Acts of remembrance, cherished possessions, and living memorials. Generations: Journal of the American Society of Aging, 28(2), 26-30. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26555301

Smith, J. (October 17, 2021). Despite new signage, advocates continue to call for removal of Queen Victoria status in Kitchener. CTV News. https://kitchener.ctvnews.ca/despite-new-signage-advocates-continue-to-call-for-removal-of-queen-victoria-statue-in-kitchener-1.5626842

Smith, P. (September 28, 2021). Every child matters: Our first official national day for truth and reconciliation. Toronto Star. https://www.thestar.com/local-guelph/opinion/2021/09/28/every-child-matters-our-first-official-national-day-for-truth-and-reconciliation.html?rf

Stiftung Denkmal fur die ermordeten Juden Europas. (n.d.). Memorials. https://www.stiftung-denkmal.de/en/memorials/

The importance of remembrance. (n.d.). The remembrance process. https://www.remembranceprocess.com/why-remembrance/

The National COVID Memorial Wall. (n.d.). https://nationalcovidmemorialwall.org

The world remembers. (n.d.). https://theworldremembers.org/

United State Holocaust Memorial Museum. (n.d.). What is genocide? https://www.ushmm.org/genocide-prevention/learn-about-genocide-and-other-mass-atrocities/what-is-genocide

Voce, A., Cecco, L., & Chris Michael. (September 6, 2021). ‘Cultural genocide’: The shameful history of Canada’s residential schools – mapped. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/ng-interactive/2021/sep/06/canada-residential-schools-indigenous-children-cultural-genocide-map

Whigham K. (2017). Constructing prevention: An exploration in building memorials that prevent atrocity. In D. Klein (Ed.). Societies Emerging from Conflict: The Aftermath of Atrocity (pp. 104-128). Cambridge Scholars Publishing. https://www.cambridgescholars.com/product/978-1-4438-9519-4#:~:text=Does%20the%20proliferation%20of%20post,alternatives%20to%20retributive%20criminal%20proceedings%3F

World Health Organization (WHO). (n.d.). WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. https://covid19.who.int

Younge, G. (June 1, 2021). Why every single status should come down. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2021/jun/01/gary-younge-why-every-single-statue-should-come-down-rhodes-colston

Media Attributions

A1Cafel (July 2020). George Floyd memorial (50058908686) [Photograph]. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:George_Floyd_Memorial_(50058908686).jpg

Balsamo, A. & Ferreira, L. (July 5, 2020). Video essay of the AIDS Memorial Quilt: Origins, legacy, futures [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/7HsDs3YRRZg

CBC News: The National. (April 6, 2017). Why the battle of Yimy Ridge matters [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3LP22iTXqS8

CIMMYT. (June 2015). Memorial plaque at tree planting ceremony [Photograph]. Flickr. https://www.flickr.com/photos/cimmyt/18749026215

Durocher, J. (October, 2021) National Holocaust monument [Photograph]. Ottawa, ON, CAN.

Fujita, N. (March 18, 2022). Canadian War memorials, commemoration, & remembrance image slider [H5P]. eCampusOntario H5P Studio. https://h5pstudio.ecampusontario.ca/content/37901 

Gardmanahay. (September 2019).Tsitsernakaberd – Armenian genocide memorial complex (18․09․2019) 83.jpg [Photograph]. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tsitsernakaberd_-_Armenian_Genocide_memorial_complex_(18%E2%80%A409%E2%80%A42019)_83.jpg

Ian Anderson House. (December 1, 2020). Ian Anderson House gallery [Photograph]. https://www.ianandersonhouse.com/gallery/

Komodromos, A (November 2019). South Pool, 9/11 Memorial – WTC, New York City [Photograph]. Flickr. https://tinyurl.com/2p8dk2dk 

Laporte, A. (September 2021). COVID-19 memorial field of white flags on the Mall 55 – Washington Monument [Photograph]. Flickr. https://www.flickr.com/photos/8283439@N04/51734607618/

Linsdell, B. (July 2013). Canadian War Museum [Photograph]. Wikipedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Canadian_War_Museum,_Vimy_Pl,_Ottawa_-_panoramio_(1).jpg

Lewis, J. (1994) October 1994 NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt display on the National Mall [Photograph]. Washington, D.C.

Lewis, J. (2017). Dutch Homomonument image #1. [Photograph].

Lewis, J. (2017). Dutch Homomonument image #2. [Photograph].

Lx 121. (November 2009). Johnmccraememorialbookcloseup [Photograph]. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Johnmccraememorialbookcloseup02.JPG

MacGyver24. (August 2003). Book of remembrance [Photograph]. Wikipedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Book_of_remembrance.jpg

NorthernFalcon. (August 2021). Orange Shirt Day banner [Photograph]. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Orange_Shirt_Day_Banner_2.jpg

Province of British Columbia. (May, 2016). BC Memorial Quilt, framed in full [Photograph]. Flickr. https://www.flickr.com/photos/bcgovphotos/26316988113/

Ser Amantio di Nicolao. (May 2017). Gov. Malloy visits Pulse nightclub memorial in Orlando (28185906866) [Photograph]. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gov._Malloy_visits_Pulse_nightclub_memorial_in_Orlando_(28185906866).jpg

Shankar, S. (June, 2015). Canadian Tomb of the Unknown Soldier [Photograph]. Wikipedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Canadian_Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier_(20130258794).jpg

Snapshooter46. (July 2011). The Canadian National Vimy Memorial [Photograph]. Flickr. https://www.flickr.com/photos/calotype46/5965788301

The 519. (June 2018). AIDS Memorial [Photograph]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/The519/photos/a.10156417352244801/10156417369749801

Winti, E. (October 2016). REDress Project [Photograph]. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2016_366_277_-REDress_Project_(29473248523).jpg

Cover Photo: Heftiba, T. (December 2018). Jewish memorial Berlin – Human reconnection between love and hate [Photograph]. Unsplash. https://unsplash.com/photos/_UIVmIBB3JU