Key Terms

Adjourning and going their separate ways can often be somewhat emotional for these teams. (11.9)

Alliteration is the repetition of initial consonant sounds in a sentence or passage. (10.9)

Assertiveness the degree to which one tries to meet one’s own needs. (11.9)

Chronology: before, next, earlier, later, during, after, meanwhile, while, until, then, first, second (3.6)

Clarity: for example, for instance, in other words. (3.6)

CMAPP module MAPP stands for Context, Message, Audience and Purpose. The context is the situations that impact communication. The message is what people say, and the audience is the person or group involved in the communication. The reason for communicating is the purpose, and the product is the form of communication. (2.5)

Communication is “a process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or behaviour (Merriam-Webster, n.d.). (2.3)

Comparison: also, similarly, likewise, in the same way, in the same manner. (3.6)

Conclusion: in conclusion, in summary, to sum up. (3.6)

Consequence: as a result, therefore, for this reason, thus, consequently. (3.6)

Constitutive: communication creates meaning and, thus, reality (Nicotera, 2009). (10.7)

Context of Production, or the context in which the message was created, is when the sender encodes the message with their beliefs, attitudes, experiences, feelings, background, environment and much more. (2.4)

Context of Use is when the audience decodes the message based on their own beliefs, attitudes, experiences, feelings, background, etc. to understand the message. (2.4)

Contextual communication occurring in a specific time and place. (10.7)

Continuation: and, also, moreover, additionally, furthermore, another, too. (3.6)

Contrast: however, but, in contrast, still, yet, nevertheless, even though, although. (3.6)

Cooperativeness degree to which one tries to satisfy the needs of other team members. (11.9)

Culture is part of the very fabric of our thought, and you cannot separate yourself from it, even as you leave home, defining yourself anew in work and achievements. (11.8)

Culture refers to the collection of language, values, beliefs, knowledge, rituals, and attitudes shared amongst a group (“Culture and Communication,” 2002) (10.7)

Defamatory speech, or a false statement of fact to damage a person’s character. (10.6)

Demagoguery, or actions that attempt to manipulate by distorting an audience through prejudice and emotion. (10.6)

Ethics is the practice of what’s right, virtuous, or good (Tompkins, 2011, p. 3) (10.6)

Ethnocentrism makes you far less likely to be able to bridge the gap with others and often increases intolerance of difference. (11.8)

Ethos: ​​Establishing credibility. (10.6)

Forming stage, when everyone is getting to know each other and are trying to make a good impression, is a good time to create a set of shared expectations, guidelines, or a Team Charter.  (11.9)

Hate speech or language directed against someone or a community’s nationality, race, gender, ability, sexuality, religion or citizenship. (10.6)

Intercultural communication is a fascinating area of study within business communication, and it is essential to your success.  (11.8)

Intercultural communication: communicating with people from other cultures. (11.3)

Internal monologue refers to the self-talk of intrapersonal communication. (11.3)

Interpersonal communication is the process of exchanging messages between two people whose lives mutually influence one another in unique ways in relation to social and cultural norms (University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing, 2013). (11.4)

Interpersonal communication: communicating with others. (11.3)

Intrapersonal communication is communication with yourself, which may also be intracultural, as you may only represent one culture.  (11.8)

Intrapersonal communication: knowing yourself. (11.3)

Metaphors are direct comparisons. (10.9)

Norming stage, if conflicts have been resolved and team mates have proved flexible, all is going well, each team member knows their role and works on their part of the project. (11.9)

Parallelism is the repetition of sentence structures. (10.9)

Performing stage, as this happens when teams have worked together well on several projects, have established a synergy, and have developed systems that that make projects go smoothly and efficiently. (11.9)

Power is thus a core consideration of communication because when we communicate, we are influencing others and selecting certain ways to represent our ideas. (10.7)

Prejudice involves a negative preconceived judgment or opinion that guides conduct or social behaviour (McLean., 2005).  (11.8)

Public Speaking – a speaker attempts to move an audience by advocating for a purposeful message—through informing, persuading, or entertaining—in a particular context. (10.4)

Public speaking apprehension is fear associated with giving a public speech. (10.8)

Qualitative data is data that can’t be measured and is often descriptive. (7.11)

Quantitative data is data that can be measured. (7.12)

Rate is how quickly or slowly you say the words of your speech. (10.9)

Reflexivity means to critically consider how our values, assumptions, actions, and communication affect others. (10.7)

Self-concept is “what we perceive ourselves to be,” (McLean, 2005) and involves aspects of image and esteem. (11.3)

Self-disclosure is “information, thoughts, or feelings we tell others about ourselves that they would not otherwise know” (McLean, 2005). (11.4)

Self-reflection is a trait that allows us to adapt and change to our context or environment, to accept or reject messages, to examine our concept of ourselves and choose to improve. (11.3)

Similes are closely related to metaphors, and use “like” or “as” when crafting a comparison. (10.9)

Social penetration theory, people go from superficial to intimate conversations as trust develops through repeated, positive interactions. (11.4)

Space is another common cultural characteristic; it may be a nonverbal symbol that represents status and power.  (11.8)

Stereotypes can be defined as a generalization about a group of people that oversimplifies their culture (Rogers & Steinfatt, 1999) (11.8)

Storming stage is the one most often characterized by group conflict and dysfunction. (11.9)

Symbols: a word, icon, gesture, picture, object, etc. (10.7)

The Delivery Channel. The delivery channel can include both verbal and nonverbal transmission of messages. (2.4)

The Message. This is what the sender wants to communicate to others. (2.4)

The Receiver. The receiver is responsible for “decoding” the message and processing it. (2.4)

The Sender. The sender of the messages originates an idea. (2.4)

Thesis tells people what you consider a true way of describing a thing, situation, or phenomenon or what action you think should be taken. (7.16)

Tropes are a turning of the text where the literal meaning is changed or altered to provide new insight (Brummett, 2019) (10.9)

Verbal punctuation is the process of imagining the words as they’re written to insert purposeful, punctuated pauses to conclude key thoughts. (10.9)

Vivid language evokes the senses and is language that arouses the sensations of smelling, tasting, seeing, hearing, and feeling. (10.9)

Vocal enunciation is often reduced to pronouncing words correctly, but enunciation also describes the expression of words and language. (10.9)

Volume, or the relative softness or loudness of one’s voice. (10.9)