Review Questions

1. Which of the following cells is phagocytic?

a plasma cell

b macrophage

c B cell

d NK cell

 

2. Which structure allows lymph from the lower right limb to enter the bloodstream?

a thoracic duct

b right lymphatic duct

c right lymphatic trunk

d left lymphatic trunk

 

3. Which of the following cells is important in the innate immune response?

a B cells

b T cells

c macrophages

d plasma cells

 

4. Which of the following cells would be most active in early, antiviral immune responses the first time one is exposed to pathogen?

a macrophage

b T cell

c neutrophil

d natural killer cell

 

5. Which of the lymphoid nodules is most likely to see food antigens first?

a tonsils

b Peyer’s patches

c bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue

d mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

 

6. Which of the following signs is not characteristic of inflammation?

a redness

b pain

c cold

d swelling

 

7. Which of the following is not important in the antiviral innate immune response?

a interferons

b natural killer cells

c complement

d microphages

 

8. Enhanced phagocytosis of a cell by the binding of a specific protein is called ________.

a endocytosis

b opsonization

c anaphylaxis

d complement activation

 

9. Which of the following leads to the redness of inflammation?

a increased vascular permeability

b anaphylactic shock

c increased blood flow

d complement activation

 

10. T cells that secrete cytokines that help antibody responses are called ________.

a Th1

b Th2

c regulatory T cells

d thymocytes

 

11. The taking in of antigen and digesting it for later presentation is called ________.

a antigen presentation

b antigen processing

c endocytosis

d exocytosis

 

12. Why is clonal expansion so important?

a to select for specific cells

b to secrete cytokines

c to kill target cells

d to increase the numbers of specific cells

 

13. The elimination of self-reactive thymocytes is called ________.

a positive selection.

b negative selection.

c tolerance.

d clonal selection.

 

14. Which type of T cell is most effective against viruses?

a Th1

b Th2

c cytotoxic T cells

d regulatory T cells

15. Removing functionality from a B cell without killing it is called ________.

a clonal selection

b clonal expansion

c clonal deletion

d clonal anergy

 

16. Which class of antibody crosses the placenta in pregnant people?

a IgM

b IgA

c IgE

d IgG

 

17. Which class of antibody has no known function other than as an antigen receptor?

a IgM

b IgA

c IgE

d IgD

 

18. When does class switching occur?

a primary response

b secondary response

c tolerance

d memory response

 

19. Which class of antibody is found in mucus?

a IgM

b IgA

c IgE

d IgD

 

20. Which enzymes in macrophages are important for clearing intracellular bacteria?

a metabolic

b mitochondrial

c nuclear

d lysosomal

 

21. What type of chronic lung disease is caused by a Mycobacterium?

a asthma

b emphysema

c tuberculosis

d leprosy

 

22. Which type of immune response is most directly effective against bacteria?

a natural killer cells

b complement

c cytotoxic T cells

d helper T cells

 

23. What is the reason that you have to be immunized with a new influenza vaccine each year?

a the vaccine is only protective for a year

b mutation

c macrophage oxidative metabolism

d memory response

 

24. Which type of immune response works in concert with cytotoxic T cells against virally infected cells?

a natural killer cells

b complement

c antibodies

d memory

 

25. Which type of hypersensitivity involves soluble antigen-antibody complexes?

a type I

b type II

c type III

d type IV

26. What causes the delay in delayed hypersensitivity?

a inflammation

b cytokine release

c recruitment of immune cells

d histamine release

 

27. Which of the following is a critical feature of immediate hypersensitivity?

a inflammation

b cytotoxic T cells

c recruitment of immune cells

d histamine release

 

28. Which of the following is an autoimmune disease of the heart?

a rheumatoid arthritis

b lupus

c rheumatic fever

d Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

 

29. What drug is used to counteract the effects of anaphylactic shock?

a epinephrine

b antihistamines

c antibiotics

d aspirin

 

30. Which of the following terms means “many genes”?

a polymorphism

b polygeny

c polypeptide

d multiple alleles

 

31. Why do we have natural antibodies?

a We don’t know why.

b immunity to environmental bacteria

c immunity to transplants

d from clonal selection

 

32. Which type of cancer is associated with HIV disease?

a Kaposi’s sarcoma

b melanoma

c lymphoma

d renal cell carcinoma

 

33. How does cyclosporine A work?

a suppresses antibodies

b suppresses T cells

c suppresses macrophages

d suppresses neutrophils

 

34. What disease is associated with bone marrow transplants?

a diabetes mellitus type I

b melanoma

c headache

d graft-versus-host disease