Review Questions
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. Which of these organs is not considered an accessory digestive structure?
a mouth
b salivary glands
c pancreas
d liver
2. Which of the following organs is supported by a layer of adventitia rather than serosa?
a esophagus
b stomach
c small intestine
d large intestine
3. Which of the following membranes covers the stomach?
a falciform ligament
b mesocolon
c parietal peritoneum
d visceral peritoneum
4. Which of these processes occurs in the mouth?
a ingestion
b mechanical digestion
c chemical digestion
d all of the above
5. Which of these processes occurs throughout most of the alimentary canal?
a ingestion
b propulsion
c segmentation
d absorption
6. Which of the following stimuli activates sensors in the walls of digestive organs?
a breakdown products of digestion
b distension
c pH of chyme
d all of the above
7. Which of these statements about reflexes in the GI tract is false?
a Short reflexes are provoked by nerves near the GI tract.
b Short reflexes are mediated by the enteric nervous system.
c Food that distends the stomach initiates long reflexes.
d Long reflexes can be provoked by stimuli originating outside the GI tract.
8. Which of these ingredients in saliva is responsible for activating salivary amylase?
a mucus
b phosphate ions
c chloride ions
d urea
9. Which of these statements about the pharynx is true?
a It extends from the nasal and oral cavities superiorly to the esophagus anteriorly.
b The oropharynx is continuous superiorly with the nasopharynx.
c The nasopharynx is involved in digestion.
d The laryngopharynx is composed partially of cartilage.
10. Which structure is located where the esophagus penetrates the diaphragm?
a esophageal hiatus
b cardiac orifice
c upper esophageal sphincter
d lower esophageal sphincter
11. Which phase of deglutition involves contraction of the longitudinal muscle layer of the muscularis?
a voluntary phase
b buccal phase
c pharyngeal phase
d esophageal phase
12. Which of these cells secrete hormones?
a parietal cells
b mucous neck cells
c enteroendocrine cells
d chief cells
13. Where does the majority of chemical digestion in the stomach occur?
a fundus and body
b cardia and fundus
c body and pylorus
f body
14. During gastric emptying, chyme is released into the duodenum through the ________.
a esophageal hiatus
b pyloric antrum
c pyloric canal
d pyloric sphincter
15. Parietal cells secrete ________.
a gastrin
b hydrochloric acid
c pepsin
d pepsinogen
16. In which part of the alimentary canal does most digestion occur?
a stomach
b proximal small intestine
c distal small intestine
d ascending colon
17. Which of these is most associated with villi?
a haustra
b lacteals
c bacterial flora
d intestinal glands
18. What is the role of the small intestine’s MALT?
a secreting mucus
b buffering acidic chyme
c activating pepsin
d preventing bacteria from entering the bloodstream
19. Which part of the large intestine attaches to the appendix?
a cecum
b ascending colon
c transverse colon
d descending colon
20. Which of these statements about bile is true?
a About 500 mL is secreted daily.
b Its main function is the denaturation of proteins.
c It is synthesized in the gallbladder.
d Bile salts are recycled.
21. Pancreatic juice ________.
a deactivates bile.
b is secreted by pancreatic islet cells.
c buffers chyme.
d is released into the cystic duct.
22. Where does the chemical digestion of starch begin?
a mouth
b esophagus
c stomach
d small intestine
23. Which of these is involved in the chemical digestion of protein?
a pancreatic amylase
b trypsin
c sucrase
d pancreatic nuclease
24. Where are most fat-digesting enzymes produced?
a small intestine
b gallbladder
c liver
d pancreas
25. Which of these nutrients is absorbed mainly in the duodenum?
a glucose
b iron
c sodium
d water