Review Questions
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. The endothelium is found in the ________.
a tunica intima
b tunica media
c tunica externa
d lumen
2. Nervi vasorum control ________.
a vasoconstriction
b vasodilation
c capillary permeability
d both vasoconstriction and vasodilation
3. Closer to the heart, arteries would be expected to have a higher percentage of ________.
a endothelium
b smooth muscle fibers
c elastic fibers
d collagenous fibers
4. Which of the following best describes veins?
a thick walled, small lumens, low pressure, lack valves
b thin walled, large lumens, low pressure, have valves
c thin walled, small lumens, high pressure, have valves
d thick walled, large lumens, high pressure, lack valves
5. An especially leaky type of capillary found in the liver and certain other tissues is called a ________.
a capillary bed
b fenestrated capillary
c sinusoid capillary
d metarteriole
6. In a blood pressure measurement of 110/70, the number 70 is the ________.
a systolic pressure
b diastolic pressure
c pulse pressure
d mean arterial pressure
7. A healthy elastic artery ________.
a is compliant
b reduces blood flow
c is a resistance artery
d has a thin wall and irregular lumen
8. Which of the following statements is true?
a The longer the vessel, the lower the resistance and the greater the flow.
b As blood volume decreases, blood pressure and blood flow also decrease.
c Increased viscosity increases blood flow.
d All of the above are true.
9. Slight vasodilation in an arteriole prompts a ________.
a slight increase in resistance
b huge increase in resistance
c slight decrease in resistance
d huge decrease in resistance
10. Venoconstriction increases which of the following?
a blood pressure within the vein
b blood flow within the vein
c return of blood to the heart
d all of the above
11. Hydrostatic pressure is ________.
a greater than colloid osmotic pressure at the venous end of the capillary bed
b the pressure exerted by fluid in an enclosed space
c about zero at the midpoint of a capillary bed
d all of the above
12. Net filtration pressure is calculated by ________.
a adding the capillary hydrostatic pressure to the interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure
b subtracting the fluid drained by the lymphatic vessels from the total fluid in the interstitial fluid
c adding the blood colloid osmotic pressure to the capillary hydrostatic pressure
d subtracting the blood colloid osmotic pressure from the capillary hydrostatic pressure
13. Which of the following statements is true?
a In one day, more fluid exits the capillary through filtration than enters through reabsorption.
b In one day, approximately 35 mm of blood are filtered and 7 mm are reabsorbed.
c In one day, the capillaries of the lymphatic system absorb about 20.4 liters of fluid.
d None of the above are true.
14. Clusters of neurons in the medulla oblongata that regulate blood pressure are known collectively as ________.
a baroreceptors
b angioreceptors
c the cardiomotor mechanism
d the cardiovascular center
15. In the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism, ________.
a decreased blood pressure prompts the release of renin from the liver
b aldosterone prompts increased urine output
c aldosterone prompts the kidneys to reabsorb sodium
d all of the above
16. In the myogenic response, ________.
a muscle contraction promotes venous return to the heart
b ventricular contraction strength is decreased
c vascular smooth muscle responds to stretch
d endothelins dilate muscular arteries
17. A form of circulatory shock common in young children with severe diarrhea or vomiting is ________.
a hypovolemic shock
b anaphylactic shock
c obstructive shock
d hemorrhagic shock
18. The coronary arteries branch off of the ________.
a aortic valve
b ascending aorta
c aortic arch
d thoracic aorta
19. Which of the following statements is true?
a The left and right common carotid arteries both branch off of the brachiocephalic trunk.
b The brachial artery is the distal branch of the axillary artery.
c The radial and ulnar arteries join to form the palmar arch.
d All of the above are true.
20. Arteries serving the stomach, pancreas, and liver all branch from the ________.
a superior mesenteric artery
b inferior mesenteric artery
c celiac trunk
d splenic artery
21. The right and left brachiocephalic veins ________.
a drain blood from the right and left internal jugular veins
b drain blood from the right and left subclavian veins
c drain into the superior vena cava
d all of the above are true
22. The hepatic portal system delivers blood from the digestive organs to the ________.
a liver
b hypothalamus
c spleen
d left atrium
23. Blood islands are ________.
a clusters of blood-filtering cells in the placenta
b masses of pluripotent stem cells scattered throughout the fetal bone marrow
c vascular tubes that give rise to the embryonic tubular heart
d masses of developing blood vessels and formed elements scattered throughout the embryonic disc
24. Which of the following statements is true?
a Two umbilical veins carry oxygen-depleted blood from the fetal circulation to the placenta.
b One umbilical vein carries oxygen-rich blood from the placenta to the fetal heart.
c Two umbilical arteries carry oxygen-depleted blood to the fetal lungs.
d None of the above are true.
25. The ductus venosus is a shunt that allows ________.
a fetal blood to flow from the right atrium to the left atrium
b fetal blood to flow from the right ventricle to the left ventricle
c most freshly oxygenated blood to flow into the fetal heart
d most oxygen-depleted fetal blood to flow directly into the fetal pulmonary trunk