Review Questions
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. A monosaccharide is formed from a polysaccharide in what kind of reaction?
a oxidation–reduction reaction
b anabolic reaction
c catabolic reaction
d biosynthetic reaction
2. If anabolic reactions exceed catabolic reactions, the result will be ________.
a weight loss
b weight gain
c metabolic rate change
d development of disease
3. When NAD becomes NADH, the coenzyme has been ________.
a reduced
b oxidized
c metabolized
d hydrolyzed
4. Anabolic reactions use energy by ________.
a turning ADP into ATP
b removing a phosphate group from ATP
c producing heat
d breaking down molecules into smaller parts
5. Glycolysis results in the production of two ________ molecules from a single molecule of glucose. In the absence of ________, the end product of glycolysis is ________.
a acetyl CoA, pyruvate, lactate
b ATP, carbon, pyruvate
c pyruvate, oxygen, lactate
d pyruvate, carbon, acetyl CoA
6. The Krebs cycle converts ________ through a cycle of reactions. In the process, ATP, ________, and ________ are produced.
a acetyl CoA; FAD, NAD
b acetyl CoA; FADH2; NADH
c pyruvate; NAD; FADH2
d pyruvate; oxygen; oxaloacetate
7. Which pathway produces the most ATP molecules?
a lactic acid fermentation
b the Krebs cycle
c the electron transport chain
d glycolysis
8. Aerobic cellular respiration results in the production of these two products.
a NADH and FADH2
b ATP and pyruvate
c ATP and glucose
d ATP and H2O
9. When NAD+ becomes NADH, the coenzyme has been ________.
a reduced
b oxidized
c metabolized
d hydrolyzed
10.Lipids in the diet can be ________.
a broken down into energy for the body
b stored as triglycerides for later use
c converted into acetyl CoA
d all of the above
11.The gallbladder provides ________ that aid(s) in transport of lipids across the intestinal membrane.
a lipases
b cholesterol
c proteins
d bile salts
12.Triglycerides are transported by chylomicrons because ________.
a they cannot move easily in the blood stream because they are fat based, while the blood is water based
b they are too small to move by themselves
c the chylomicrons contain enzymes they need for anabolism
d they cannot fit across the intestinal membrane
13.Which molecule produces the most ATP?
a carbohydrates
b FADH2
c triglycerides
d NADH
14. Which molecules can enter the Krebs cycle?
a chylomicrons
b acetyl CoA
c monoglycerides
d ketone bodies
15. Acetyl CoA can be converted to all of the following except ________.
a ketone bodies
b fatty acids
c polysaccharides
d triglycerides
16. Digestion of proteins begins in the ________ where ________ and ________ mix with food to break down protein into ________.
a stomach; amylase; HCl; amino acids
b mouth; pepsin; HCl; fatty acids
c stomach; lipase; HCl; amino acids
d stomach; pepsin; HCl; amino acids
17. Amino acids are needed to ________.
a build new proteins
b serve as fat stores
c supply energy for the cell
d create red blood cells
18. If an amino acid is not used to create new proteins, it can be ________.
a converted to acetyl CoA
b converted to glucose or ketones
c converted to nitrogen
d stored to be used later
19. During the absorptive state, glucose levels are ________, insulin levels are ________, and glucagon levels ________.
a high; low; stay the same
b low; low; stay the same
c high; high; are high
d high; high; are low
20. Starvation sets in after 3 to 4 days without food. Which hormones change in response to low glucose levels?
a glucagon and insulin
b ketones and glucagon
c insulin, glucose, and glucagon
d insulin and ketones
21. The postabsorptive state relies on stores of ________ in the ________.
a insulin; pancreas
b glucagon; pancreas
c glycogen; liver
d glucose; liver
22. The body’s temperature is controlled by the ________. This temperature is always kept between ________.
a pituitary; 36.5–37.5 °C
b hypothalamus; 97.7–99.5 °F
c hypothalamus; 36.5–37.5 °F
d pituitary; 97.7–99.5 °F
23. Fever increases the body temperature and can induce chills to help cool the temperature back down. What other mechanisms are in place to regulate the body temperature?
a shivering
b sweating
c erection of the hairs on the arms and legs
d all of the above
24. The heat you feel on your chair when you stand up was transferred from your skin via ________.
a conduction
b convection
c radiation
d evaporation
25. A crowded room warms up through the mechanism of ________.
a conduction
b convection
c radiation
d evaporation
26. A deficiency in vitamin A can result in ________.
a improper bone development
b scurvy
c improper eye development or sight
d all of the above
27. Rickets results in improper bone development in children that arises from the malabsorption of calcium and a deficiency in ________.
a vitamin D
b vitamin C
c vitamin B12
d niacin
28. Consuming which type of food will help the most with weight loss?
a fats
b vegetables
c lean meats
d fruits
29. Which of the following is stored in the body?
a thiamine
b phosphorous
c folic acid
d vitamin C