Review Questions
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. Which of the following cells is phagocytic?
a plasma cell
b macrophage
c B cell
d NK cell
2. Which structure allows lymph from the lower right limb to enter the bloodstream?
a thoracic duct
b right lymphatic duct
c right lymphatic trunk
d left lymphatic trunk
3. Which of the following cells is important in the innate immune response?
a B cells
b T cells
c macrophages
d plasma cells
4. Which of the following cells would be most active in early, antiviral immune responses the first time one is exposed to pathogen?
a macrophage
b T cell
c neutrophil
d natural killer cell
5. Which of the lymphoid nodules is most likely to see food antigens first?
a tonsils
b Peyer’s patches
c bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue
d mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
6. Which of the following signs is not characteristic of inflammation?
a redness
b pain
c cold
d swelling
7. Which of the following is not important in the antiviral innate immune response?
a interferons
b natural killer cells
c complement
d microphages
8. Enhanced phagocytosis of a cell by the binding of a specific protein is called ________.
a endocytosis
b opsonization
c anaphylaxis
d complement activation
9. Which of the following leads to the redness of inflammation?
a increased vascular permeability
b anaphylactic shock
c increased blood flow
d complement activation
10. T cells that secrete cytokines that help antibody responses are called ________.
a Th1
b Th2
c regulatory T cells
d thymocytes
11. The taking in of antigen and digesting it for later presentation is called ________.
a antigen presentation
b antigen processing
c endocytosis
d exocytosis
12. Why is clonal expansion so important?
a to select for specific cells
b to secrete cytokines
c to kill target cells
d to increase the numbers of specific cells
13. The elimination of self-reactive thymocytes is called ________.
a positive selection.
b negative selection.
c tolerance.
d clonal selection.
14. Which type of T cell is most effective against viruses?
a Th1
b Th2
c cytotoxic T cells
d regulatory T cells
15. Removing functionality from a B cell without killing it is called ________.
a clonal selection
b clonal expansion
c clonal deletion
d clonal anergy
16. Which class of antibody crosses the placenta in pregnant people?
a IgM
b IgA
c IgE
d IgG
17. Which class of antibody has no known function other than as an antigen receptor?
a IgM
b IgA
c IgE
d IgD
18. When does class switching occur?
a primary response
b secondary response
c tolerance
d memory response
19. Which class of antibody is found in mucus?
a IgM
b IgA
c IgE
d IgD
20. Which enzymes in macrophages are important for clearing intracellular bacteria?
a metabolic
b mitochondrial
c nuclear
d lysosomal
21. What type of chronic lung disease is caused by a Mycobacterium?
a asthma
b emphysema
c tuberculosis
d leprosy
22. Which type of immune response is most directly effective against bacteria?
a natural killer cells
b complement
c cytotoxic T cells
d helper T cells
23. What is the reason that you have to be immunized with a new influenza vaccine each year?
a the vaccine is only protective for a year
b mutation
c macrophage oxidative metabolism
d memory response
24. Which type of immune response works in concert with cytotoxic T cells against virally infected cells?
a natural killer cells
b complement
c antibodies
d memory
25. Which type of hypersensitivity involves soluble antigen-antibody complexes?
a type I
b type II
c type III
d type IV
26. What causes the delay in delayed hypersensitivity?
a inflammation
b cytokine release
c recruitment of immune cells
d histamine release
27. Which of the following is a critical feature of immediate hypersensitivity?
a inflammation
b cytotoxic T cells
c recruitment of immune cells
d histamine release
28. Which of the following is an autoimmune disease of the heart?
a rheumatoid arthritis
b lupus
c rheumatic fever
d Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
29. What drug is used to counteract the effects of anaphylactic shock?
a epinephrine
b antihistamines
c antibiotics
d aspirin
30. Which of the following terms means “many genes”?
a polymorphism
b polygeny
c polypeptide
d multiple alleles
31. Why do we have natural antibodies?
a We don’t know why.
b immunity to environmental bacteria
c immunity to transplants
d from clonal selection
32. Which type of cancer is associated with HIV disease?
a Kaposi’s sarcoma
b melanoma
c lymphoma
d renal cell carcinoma
33. How does cyclosporine A work?
a suppresses antibodies
b suppresses T cells
c suppresses macrophages
d suppresses neutrophils
34. What disease is associated with bone marrow transplants?
a diabetes mellitus type I
b melanoma
c headache
d graft-versus-host disease