Review Questions

1. A monosaccharide is formed from a polysaccharide in what kind of reaction?

a oxidation–reduction reaction

b anabolic reaction

c catabolic reaction

d biosynthetic reaction

 

2. If anabolic reactions exceed catabolic reactions, the result will be ________.

a weight loss

b weight gain

c metabolic rate change

d development of disease

 

3. When NAD becomes NADH, the coenzyme has been ________.

a reduced

b oxidized

c metabolized

d hydrolyzed

 

4. Anabolic reactions use energy by ________.

a turning ADP into ATP

b removing a phosphate group from ATP

c producing heat

d breaking down molecules into smaller parts

 

5. Glycolysis results in the production of two ________ molecules from a single molecule of glucose. In the absence of ________, the end product of glycolysis is ________.

a acetyl CoA, pyruvate, lactate

b ATP, carbon, pyruvate

c pyruvate, oxygen, lactate

d pyruvate, carbon, acetyl CoA

 

6. The Krebs cycle converts ________ through a cycle of reactions. In the process, ATP, ________, and ________ are produced.

a acetyl CoA; FAD, NAD

b acetyl CoA; FADH₂; NADH

c pyruvate; NAD; FADH₂

d pyruvate; oxygen; oxaloacetate

 

7. Which pathway produces the most ATP molecules?

a lactic acid fermentation

b the Krebs cycle

c the electron transport chain

d glycolysis

 

8. Aerobic cellular respiration results in the production of these two products.

a NADH and FADH₂

b ATP and pyruvate

c ATP and glucose

d ATP and H₂O

 

9. When NAD⁺ becomes NADH, the coenzyme has been ________.

a reduced

b oxidized

c metabolized

d hydrolyzed

 

10.Lipids in the diet can be ________.

a broken down into energy for the body

b stored as triglycerides for later use

c converted into acetyl CoA

d all of the above

11.The gallbladder provides ________ that aid(s) in transport of lipids across the intestinal membrane.

a lipases

b cholesterol

c proteins

d bile salts

 

12.Triglycerides are transported by chylomicrons because ________.

a they cannot move easily in the blood stream because they are fat based, while the blood is water based

b they are too small to move by themselves

c the chylomicrons contain enzymes they need for anabolism

d they cannot fit across the intestinal membrane

 

13.Which molecule produces the most ATP?

a carbohydrates

b FADH₂

c triglycerides

d NADH

 

14. Which molecules can enter the Krebs cycle?

a chylomicrons

b acetyl CoA

c monoglycerides

d ketone bodies

 

15. Acetyl CoA can be converted to all of the following except ________.

a ketone bodies

b fatty acids

c polysaccharides

d triglycerides

16. Digestion of proteins begins in the ________ where ________ and ________ mix with food to break down protein into ________.

a stomach; amylase; HCl; amino acids

b mouth; pepsin; HCl; fatty acids

c stomach; lipase; HCl; amino acids

d stomach; pepsin; HCl; amino acids

 

17. Amino acids are needed to ________.

a build new proteins

b serve as fat stores

c supply energy for the cell

d create red blood cells

 

18. If an amino acid is not used to create new proteins, it can be ________.

a converted to acetyl CoA

b converted to glucose or ketones

c converted to nitrogen

d stored to be used later

 

19. During the absorptive state, glucose levels are ________, insulin levels are ________, and glucagon levels ________.

a high; low; stay the same

b low; low; stay the same

c high; high; are high

d high; high; are low

 

20. Starvation sets in after 3 to 4 days without food. Which hormones change in response to low glucose levels?

a glucagon and insulin

b ketones and glucagon

c insulin, glucose, and glucagon

d insulin and ketones

 

21. The postabsorptive state relies on stores of ________ in the ________.

a insulin; pancreas

b glucagon; pancreas

c glycogen; liver

d glucose; liver

 

22. The body’s temperature is controlled by the ________. This temperature is always kept between ________.

a pituitary; 36.5–37.5 °C

b hypothalamus; 97.7–99.5 °F

c hypothalamus; 36.5–37.5 °F

d pituitary; 97.7–99.5 °F

 

23. Fever increases the body temperature and can induce chills to help cool the temperature back down. What other mechanisms are in place to regulate the body temperature?

a shivering

b sweating

c erection of the hairs on the arms and legs

d all of the above

 

24. The heat you feel on your chair when you stand up was transferred from your skin via ________.

a conduction

b convection

c radiation

d evaporation

 

25. A crowded room warms up through the mechanism of ________.

a conduction

b convection

c radiation

d evaporation

 

26. A deficiency in vitamin A can result in ________.

a improper bone development

b scurvy

c improper eye development or sight

d all of the above

 

27. Rickets results in improper bone development in children that arises from the malabsorption of calcium and a deficiency in ________.

a vitamin D

b vitamin C

c vitamin B₁₂

d niacin

 

28. Consuming which type of food will help the most with weight loss?

a fats

b vegetables

c lean meats

d fruits

 

29. Which of the following is stored in the body?

a thiamine

b phosphorous

c folic acid

d vitamin C