Review Questions

a tunica intima

b tunica media

c tunica externa

d lumen

 

2. Nervi vasorum control ________.

a vasoconstriction

b vasodilation

c capillary permeability

d both vasoconstriction and vasodilation

 

3. Closer to the heart, arteries would be expected to have a higher percentage of ________.

a endothelium

b smooth muscle fibers

c elastic fibers

d collagenous fibers

 

4. Which of the following best describes veins?

a thick walled, small lumens, low pressure, lack valves

b thin walled, large lumens, low pressure, have valves

c thin walled, small lumens, high pressure, have valves

d thick walled, large lumens, high pressure, lack valves

 

5. An especially leaky type of capillary found in the liver and certain other tissues is called a ________.

a capillary bed

b fenestrated capillary

c sinusoid capillary

d metarteriole

 

6. In a blood pressure measurement of 110/70, the number 70 is the ________.

a systolic pressure

b diastolic pressure

c pulse pressure

d mean arterial pressure

 

7. A healthy elastic artery ________.

a is compliant

b reduces blood flow

c is a resistance artery

d has a thin wall and irregular lumen

 

8. Which of the following statements is true?

a The longer the vessel, the lower the resistance and the greater the flow.

b As blood volume decreases, blood pressure and blood flow also decrease.

c Increased viscosity increases blood flow.

d All of the above are true.

 

9. Slight vasodilation in an arteriole prompts a ________.

a slight increase in resistance

b huge increase in resistance

c slight decrease in resistance

d huge decrease in resistance

 

10. Venoconstriction increases which of the following?

a blood pressure within the vein

b blood flow within the vein

c return of blood to the heart

d all of the above

11. Hydrostatic pressure is ________.

a greater than colloid osmotic pressure at the venous end of the capillary bed

b the pressure exerted by fluid in an enclosed space

c about zero at the midpoint of a capillary bed

d all of the above

 

12. Net filtration pressure is calculated by ________.

a adding the capillary hydrostatic pressure to the interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure

b subtracting the fluid drained by the lymphatic vessels from the total fluid in the interstitial fluid

c adding the blood colloid osmotic pressure to the capillary hydrostatic pressure

d subtracting the blood colloid osmotic pressure from the capillary hydrostatic pressure

 

13. Which of the following statements is true?

a In one day, more fluid exits the capillary through filtration than enters through reabsorption.

b In one day, approximately 35 mm of blood are filtered and 7 mm are reabsorbed.

c In one day, the capillaries of the lymphatic system absorb about 20.4 liters of fluid.

d None of the above are true.

 

14. Clusters of neurons in the medulla oblongata that regulate blood pressure are known collectively as ________.

a baroreceptors

b angioreceptors

c the cardiomotor mechanism

d the cardiovascular center

 

15. In the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism, ________.

a decreased blood pressure prompts the release of renin from the liver

b aldosterone prompts increased urine output

c aldosterone prompts the kidneys to reabsorb sodium

d all of the above

 

16. In the myogenic response, ________.

a muscle contraction promotes venous return to the heart

b ventricular contraction strength is decreased

c vascular smooth muscle responds to stretch

d endothelins dilate muscular arteries

 

17. A form of circulatory shock common in young children with severe diarrhea or vomiting is ________.

a hypovolemic shock

b anaphylactic shock

c obstructive shock

d hemorrhagic shock

 

18. The coronary arteries branch off of the ________.

a aortic valve

b ascending aorta

c aortic arch

d thoracic aorta

 

19. Which of the following statements is true?

a The left and right common carotid arteries both branch off of the brachiocephalic trunk.

b The brachial artery is the distal branch of the axillary artery.

c The radial and ulnar arteries join to form the palmar arch.

d All of the above are true.

 

20. Arteries serving the stomach, pancreas, and liver all branch from the ________.

a superior mesenteric artery

b inferior mesenteric artery

c celiac trunk

d splenic artery

 

21. The right and left brachiocephalic veins ________.

a drain blood from the right and left internal jugular veins

b drain blood from the right and left subclavian veins

c drain into the superior vena cava

d all of the above are true

 

22. The hepatic portal system delivers blood from the digestive organs to the ________.

a liver

b hypothalamus

c spleen

d left atrium

 

23. Blood islands are ________.

a clusters of blood-filtering cells in the placenta

b masses of pluripotent stem cells scattered throughout the fetal bone marrow

c vascular tubes that give rise to the embryonic tubular heart

d masses of developing blood vessels and formed elements scattered throughout the embryonic disc

 

24. Which of the following statements is true?

a Two umbilical veins carry oxygen-depleted blood from the fetal circulation to the placenta.

b One umbilical vein carries oxygen-rich blood from the placenta to the fetal heart.

c Two umbilical arteries carry oxygen-depleted blood to the fetal lungs.

d None of the above are true.

 

25. The ductus venosus is a shunt that allows ________.

a fetal blood to flow from the right atrium to the left atrium

b fetal blood to flow from the right ventricle to the left ventricle

c most freshly oxygenated blood to flow into the fetal heart

d most oxygen-depleted fetal blood to flow directly into the fetal pulmonary trunk