4.10 Key Terms

Active management by exception involves leaving employees to do their jobs without interference, but at the same time proactively predicting potential problems and providing the assistance necessary to prevent them from occurring.

Authentic leadership requires a leader to be “real” and is achieved through introspection, self-awareness and behaving in a way consistent with their values.

Charisma refers to a leader’s charm, attractiveness or magnetism and their ability to inspire the confidence, commitment, and admiration necessary to influence followers.

Contingent rewards are awarded based on the ability of employees to accomplish their goals.

Ethical leadership focuses on the common good and models strong moral conduct and values, adhering to socially appropriate norms, and respecting others.

Ethnocentrism is a belief that one’s language, native country, and cultural rules/norms are superior to all others.

Experimentation is the process of searching for and testing new knowledge, ideas, and methods.

High-quality LMX relationships the leader forms a trust-based relationship with the member.

Inclusive leadership is centered around relationships and valuing differences while advocating for traditionally excluded voices,  appreciating diversity and welcoming the contributions of all parties.

Individualized consideration occurs when leaders show personal care and concern for the well-being of their followers.

Inspirational motivation means come up with a vision that is inspiring to others.

Intellectual stimulation allows for members to challenge organizational norms and status quo, encouraging employees to think creatively and work harder.

Learning organizations consist of individuals who create, acquire and share knowledge, experiment, and modify organizational behaviors based on insights gained. Learning organizations participate in a continual process of transformation through growth and development.

Low-quality LMX relationships the leader and the member have lower levels of trust, liking, and respect toward each other.

Passive management by exception involves leaving employees  to do their jobs without interference, and waiting until something goes wrong before coming to the rescue.

Servant leadership approach defines the leader’s role as serving the needs of others. According to this approach, the primary mission of the leader is to develop employees and help them reach their goals.

Social movement refers to a type of group action that is focused on specific political or social issues; examples include the civil rights movement, the feminist movement, and the gay rights movement.

Social networking refers to systems that allow members of a specific group to learn about and access other members’ skills, talents, knowledge, or preferences.

Strategic opportunists are able to take advantage of strategic opportunities before competitors.

Systematic problem solving a consistent method for solving problems, using data and statistical tools rather than assumptions.

Transactional leaders influence employee behavior through the use of rewards and punishment.

Transformational leaders use their influence to align employee goals with company goals through charisma, inspiration, intellectual stimulation, and by showing care and concern for their followers.

Transformational leadership motivates others through a common mission or challenge that empowers followers and encourages them to develop as leaders (Bass & Riggio, 2006, p. 3).

Trust is the belief that the leader will show integrity, fairness, and predictability in his or her dealings with others.

Virtual organization is one in which employees work remotely— sometimes within the same city, but more often across a country and across national borders.

Visionary leadership is based on communicating a “picture” or vision of a goal and the inspirational motivation to achieve it.

Vulnerability includes taking risks and exposing oneself emotionally by being transparent, sharing feelings and exposing weaknesses.

Wiki is an online document or discussion that allows many people to collaborate and contribute.