37 Main Ideas
Week 10
Fluid Dynamics
Concept Map of the Week
Note: image by Chudaeva, E. (2022).
Concept Trailer: Fluid Flow
Watch this video.
Then watch the video again and answer the following questions:
- There are two uses of dams mentioned in this video. What are they?
- Name other uses of dams.
- What are the disadvantages of dams?
- What is the efficiency of a hydroelectric dam?
- State Bernoulli’s equation.
- What is fluid flow rate? What is its unit of measurement?
Key Terms
Review the following key terms (Glossary chapter 12):
Bernoulli’s equation
the equation resulting from applying conservation of energy to an incompressible frictionless fluid
Bernoulli’s principle
Bernoulli’s equation applied at constant depth
diffusion
the movement of substances due to random thermal molecular motion
flow rate
abbreviated Q, it is the volume V that flows past a particular point during a time t, or Q = V/t
fluid dynamics
the physics of fluids in motion
laminar
a type of fluid flow in which layers do not mix
liter
a unit of volume, equal to 10−3 m3
osmosis
the transport of water through a semipermeable membrane from a region of high concentration to one of low concentration
Poiseuille’s law
the rate of laminar flow of an incompressible fluid in a tube Q = (P2 − P1)πr4/8ηl
Poiseuille’s law for resistance
the resistance to laminar flow of an incompressible fluid in a tube R = 8ηl/πr4
Reynolds number
a dimensionless parameter that can reveal whether a particular flow is laminar or turbulent
terminal speed
the speed at which the viscous drag of an object falling in a viscous fluid is equal to the other forces acting on the object (such as gravity), so that the acceleration of the object is zero
turbulence
fluid flow in which layers mix together via eddies and swirls
viscosity
the friction in a fluid, defined in terms of the friction between layers
viscous drag
a resistance force exerted on a moving object, with a nontrivial dependence on velocity
More terms can be found in the textbook Glossary.
