Index for Introductory Animal Physiology, 2nd Edition

2020-09-28

Index

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A

A Bands

Accessory Organs
Examples

Gallbladder*
Liver*
Pancreas*
Salivary Glands*
Function

Acetylcholine
Binding Of
Breakdown
Diffusion Of
Function

Acid Reflux
Alternative Name

Actin
Binding Sites
Components see Globular Actin Protein*
Function
Release Of
Movement see Power Stroke*

Action Potentials
All-Or-Nothing
Cause
Function
Process
Rate
Threshold
Transmission

Speed see Myelin Sheath*
Visualization Of

Active Transport
Components

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
Conversion to ADP
Energy Storage
Excess Of see Glycogen, Production*
Function
In Muscle Contraction
Production Of see Cellular Respiration*

Air Composition (Atmospheric)

Alveolar Ducts
Location

Alveolar Sacs
Location
Structure

Alveoli
Abundance
Air Composition

Partial Pressures
Arrangement
Composition
Function
Insufficient Ventilation
Surface Area Of
Surface Tension Of
Function
Reduction see Pulmonary Surfactant*

Amino Acids
Absorption
Function
Production Control

Amygdala
Function
Location

Appendicular Skeleton
Components

Lower Limb Bones*
Pectoral Girdle*
Pelvic Girdle*
Upper Limb Bones*

Arcuate Arteries
Location
Shape

Arteries
Branching Of

Arterioles*
Capillary Beds*
Examples
Arcuate*
Corticalradiate*
Function

Arterioles
Resistance Of

Atmospheric Pressure

Auditory System
Characteristics

Amplitude
Frequency see Place Theorysee also Pitch*
Function
Processes
Higher Processing
Sound Reception
Sound Transmission
Stimuli
Structures
Basilar Membrane see Basilar Membrane*
Cochlea
Hair Cells
Inner
Outer
Inner Ear
Labyrinth
Middle Ear
Organ Of Corti
Ossicles*
Outer Ear
Oval Window
Pinna
Stereocilia
Tectorial Membrane
Tympanum

Autocrine Signaling
Cell Location
Function
Timing

Autonomic Nervous System
Components

Postganglionic Neurons
Preganglionic Neurons
Divisions
Parasympathetic Nervous System*
Sympathetic Nervous System*
Function

Avian Digestive System
Beak Evolution
Challenges Of
Stomach Chambers

Gizzard
Proventriculus
Excretion
Visualization Of

Axial Skeleton
Components

Hyoid Bone*
Ossicles*
Rib Cage*
Skull*
Vertebral Column*

B

Basal Ganglia
Damage to
Functions

Motivation
Movement

Basilar Membrane
Properties

Bicarbonate
Function
Production Of

Bile
Amphipathic
Function
Production Of

Bioenergetics

Bipolar Neurons

Bladder
Components
Function

Blood
Flow see Heart, Contractions*
Plasma
Pressure see Hydrostatic Pressure*
Vessels

Body Fluids
Types

Blood Plasma*
Cytosol
Interstitial
Intracellular

Boyle’s Law
Formula

Brain
Mammalian
Lobes

Frontal Lobe*
Occipital Lobe*
Parietal Lobe*
Temporal Lobe*
Location
Sectioning of
Structures
Amygdala*
Basal Ganglia*
Brainstem*
Cerebellum*
Cerebral Cortex*
Cingulate Gyrus*
Hippocampus*
Hypothalamus*
Limbic System*
Thalamus*
Surface Area Of

Brainstem
Components

Function
Location

Breathing see Pulmonary Ventilation*

Bronchi
Division Of see Bronchioles*
Innervation Of
Structure

Smooth Muscle*

Bronchioles
Innervation Of
Structure
Types

Respiratory see Alveolar Ducts*
Terminal

C

Calcium
Influx Of
In Muscle Contraction
Release Of

Capillary Beds
Abundance
Composition
Convergence Of
Function

Carbaminohemoglobin
Production Of

Carbohydrates
Components

Disaccharides
Monosaccharides see Glucose*
Starches
Digestion
Enzymes

Carbon Dioxide
Carbaminohemoglobin*
Partial Pressures Of
Solubility Of
Transportation In Blood

Mechanisms Of
Bicarbonate*
Blood Plasma
Erythrocytes*

Carbonic Acid

Cardiac Muscle Tissue
Alternative Names
Appearance
Function
Location
Nuclei of

Cartilaginous Joints
Examples

Cartilaginous Intervertebral Disks
Function

Cells
Communication see Chemical Signaling*

Electrical Gradient see Concentration Gradient*
Intercelluar Communication
Intracellular Communication
Concentration Of
Energy Production Of
Metabolism see Metabolism, Metabolic Pathways*

Cell-Surface Receptors
Alternative Names
Categories

Enzyme-Linked Receptors*
G-Protein-Linked Receptors*
Ion Channel-Linked Receptors*
Components
Function
Location
Malfunction Of

Cellular Respiration
Example
Function

Central Nervous System
Components

Brain*
Cerebralspinal Fluid (CSF)*
Spinal Cord*
Meninges
Arachnoid Mater
Dura Mater
Pia Mater

Cerebellum
Function
Location

Cerebral Cortex
Components

Corpus Callosum
Gyri
Left Hemisphere
Right Hemisphere
Sulci

Cerebralspinal Fluid (CSF)
Function
Issues see Hydrocephalus*
Production Of
Ventricles
Volume

Chemical Energy
Function
Release

Chemical Signaling
Categories

Autocrine Signaling*
Direct Signaling*
Endocrine Signaling*
Paracrine Signaling*
Components
Cells*
Ligands*
Proteins*
Receptors*

Chitin

Chloride Shift

Chyme
Components
Movement

Cingulate Gyrus

Circulatory System
Components

Heart*
Vessel Network
Types
Closed
Open

Circumvallate Papillae

Coelom

Coelomic Fluid
Function

Colon
Function
Regions

Concentration Gradient

Cones
Components
Function
Location

Corpus Callosum
Function
Location

Corticalradiate Arteries
Function
Location

Costal Cartilages
Function

Coulomb Force
Balance
Visualization Of

Countercurrent
Function
Examples

Gills*
Types
Exchanger
Multiplier

Cranial Imaging
Types

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (FMRI)
Transmagnetic Stimulation

Cranial Bones

Cranial Nerves
Abundance
Function
Location

Cross-Bridge
Cycle Visualization

Crosscurrent
Parabronchi

Cyclic AMP (cAMP)
Conversion
Function

D

Dalton’s Law

Depolarization
Function
In Muscle Cells see End-Plate Potential*
Wave

Diaphragm
Function
Location

Diffusion (Non-Respiratory)
Facilitated
Passive

Digestion
Digestive System*
Inhibition Of see Sympathetic Nervous System*
Processes Of

Absorption
Digestion
Of Carbohydrates*
Of Lipids*
Of Proteins*
Of Vitamins*
Elimination see Excretory System*
Ingestion
Promotion Of see Parasympathetic Nervous System*

Digestive System

Evolution Of
Diets
Carnivores
Facultative
Obligate
Herbivores
Classifications
Omnivores
Function
Invertebrate Digestive Systems
Alimentary Canal
Gastrovascular Cavity
Vertebrate Digestive Systems
Components
Accessory Organs*
Esophagus*
Large Intestine*
Oral Cavity*
Small Intestine*
Stomach*
Types
Avian*
Monogastric*

Direct Diffusion
Function
Process
Rates

Direct Signaling
Cell Location
Components

Gap Junctions*
Intracellular Mediators
Plasma Membranes
Plasmodesmata*
Function

Duodenum
Function

E

Ectotherms see Thermoregulation*

Electrical Signals

End-Plate Potential

Endocrine Cells
Location

Endocrine Signaling
Cell Location
Components

Endocrine Cells*
Hormones*
Ligand Concentration
Response Length
Response Speed

Endocrine System
Components

Hormones
Diseases Of
Function
Growth
Metabolism
Metamorphosis
Migration
Sexual Development

Endomysium

Endotherms

Energy
Conservation Of
Flow see Bioenergetics*
Governance Of see Law Of Thermodynamics*
Open Systems
Potential Energy

Chemical Energy*
Source (Animals) see Glucose*
Transformation
Inefficiency Of

Environment
Changes
Internal see Homeostasis*

Enzymes
Activation see Enzyme-Linked Receptors*
Active Site

Influences On
Side Chains
Activity Inhibition
Example
Activity Regulation
Environmental Factors
Binding
Models Of
Induced-Fit Model
Lock and Key Model
Denaturing Of
Enzyme-Substrate Complex*
Functions
Catalyzing Reactions
Reduce Activation Energy
Helper Molecules
Examples
Coenzymes
Cofactors
Substrates Of

Enzyme-Linked Receptors
Characteristics
Dimerization Of
Example
Function
Process Of

Enzyme-Substrate Complex
Function

Epilepsy
Treatment

Corpus Callosum
Hemisphere Removal

Epimysium

Equilibrium
Gases*
Homeostasis*

Erythrocytes
Components see Hemoglobin*

Esophagus
Function
Gastro-Esophageal Sphincter
Location
Movement see Peristalsis*

Euryhaline see Salinity, Tolerance*

Excitation-Contraction Coupling
Function

Excretory System
Association With Osmoregulation
Function

External Respiration
Components
Function
Location

Extracellular Domain

F

Facial Bones
Function

Feedback Relationships see Homeostasis*
Negative Feedback System

Components
Control Center
Effector
Sensor
Positive Feedback System
Examples
Bodily Damage
Childbirth

Fibrous Joints
Example

Filiform Papillae

Foliate Papillae

Frontal Lobe
Components

Olfactory Bulb*
Function
Location

Fungiform Papillae

G

G-Protein
Activation see G-Protein-Linked Receptors*
Binding
Cycle
Hydrolyzation
Subunits

G-Protein-Linked Receptors
Characteristics
Function
Interruption Of
Process Of

Gallbladder
Function

Gap Junctions see Synaptic Transmission, Types, Electrical*
Function

Gene Expression

Gas
Equilibrium Of
Forces Of
In Natural Systems
Solubility Of see Henry’s Law*
Transport Of

Gaseous Exchange
Locations Of
Mechanisms

Countercurrent*
Crosscurrent*

Gills
Examples
Function see Respiration, In Fish*

Diffusion
Surface Area
Structures
Processes

Glia
Abundance
Damage
Diversity of
Function

In Nervous Systems
Types
Astrocytes
Ependymal
Microglia
Oligodendrocytes
Radial Glia
Satellite Glia
Schwann Cells

Globular Actin Protein
Binding Sites

Glomerulus
Glomerular Filtration

Glucose
Conversion To
Function

Glycogen
Function
Production Of
Storage

Gustatory System
Characteristics
Processes
Stimuli

Tastants*
Structures
Gustatory Receptors
Papillae
Circumvallate Papillae*
Filiform Papillae*
Foliate Papillae*
Fungiform Papillae*
Taste Bud*
Taste Pore*

H

H Zone
Appearance
Components

A Band*
M Line*
Thick Filaments*
Shortening Of

Hearing see Auditory System*

Heart
Appearance
Blood Movement

Arteries*
Veins*
Velocity Of
Contractions
Chambers Of
Components
Atria
Ventricles
Pumping Pattern
Regions
Aorta
Inferior Vena Cava
Superior Vena Cava

Heat Shock Proteins (HSP)

Hemoglobin
Appearance
Carrying Capacity
Components
Function
Oxygen Binding see Oxyhemoglobinsee also Oxygen-Hemoglobin Saturation Curve*
Oxygen Dissociation see Oxygen Dissociation Curve*
Saturation Of see Oxygen-Hemoglobin Saturation Curve*

Human Ranges
Subunits Of

Henry’s Law

Hilum
Function

Hippocampus
Function
Location
Relationship With Neurogenesis
Synaptic Plasticity see Synaptic Transmission, Plasticity*

Homeostasis see Equilibrium*, Feedback Relationships*
Function
Maintenance Of

Example
Requirements
Osmoregulation*
Thermoregulation*

Hormones
Binding
Circulation
Function

Gene Transcription
Homeostasis Maintenance see Homeostasis, Maintenance Of*
Mediation
Stimulation of Signaling Pathways
Production of
Receptors
Intracellular Hormone Receptors*
Plasma Membrane Hormone Receptors*
Regulation of
Sensitivity
Down-Regulation
Up-Regulation

Hydrocephalus

Hydrostatic Pressure

Hyoid Bone
Function
Location

Hyperbaric Chamber
Therapy

For Bacterial Infections
For Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
For Wounds
Treatment

Hyperpolarization

Hyperthermophilic see Limitations, Physical*

Hypothalamus
Components

Pituitary Gland
Function
Location

I

I Bands
Shortening Of

Ileum
Function

Inferior Vena Cava see Heart, Regions*

Integument
Examples
Function
Restrictions

Intercostal Muscles

Internal Receptors
Alternative Names
Function
Location

Internal Respiration
Location
Partial Pressures Of

Intervertebral Discs
Composition
Function
Location

Intra-alveolar Pressure
Alternative Name
Characteristics
Location

Intracellular Hormone Receptors
Function
Hormone-Receptor Complex
Location

Nucleus

Intrapleural Pressure
Characteristics
Location
Negative Pressure

Ion Channel-Linked Receptors
Characteristics
Function

Ions
Balance see Kidneys, Function*
Channels

Activation
Configurations
Voltage-Gated see Resting Membrane Potential*
Important Examples
Influence Exertion
Movement

J

Jacobson’s Organ see Vomeronasal Organ (VNO)*

Jejunum
Function

Joints
Alternative Name
Classifications

Structure-Based
Cartilaginous*
Fibrous*
Synovial*
Function

Juxtaglomerular Complex (JCG)
Components

Juxtaglomerular Cells
Macula Densa*
Function

K

Kidneys
Appearance
Blood Vessel Network
Damage
Function

Blood Filtering
Excretion see Excretory System*
Fluid Conservation
Functional Unit Of see Nephrons*
Layers
Perirenal Fat Capsule
Renal Capsule
Renal Fascia
Location
Regions
Medulla*
Outer Cortex*
Renal Pelvis*
Renal Vein*
Tubules Of see Tubules*

Kinesthesia

L

Large Intestine
Function
Length Differences
Parts

Cecum
Colon*
Rectum*
Size
Visualization Of

Law of Thermodynamics

Ligands
Function
Types

Other Ligands see Nitric Oxide (NO)*
Small Hydrophobic Ligands*
Water-Soluble Ligands*

Limbic System
Components

Amygdala*
Cingulate Gyrus*
Hippocampus*
Hypothalamus*
Thalamus*
Function

Limitations
Chemical

Radiation
Physical
pH
Temperature

Lipids
Components
Digestion see Small Intestine*

Visualization
Emulsification
Function
Hydrophobic
Micelles
Triglycerides
Chlyomicrons

Liver
Bile Production see Bile*
Function

Locomotion
Generation of
Limitations of

Loop of Henle
Components

Juxtaglomerular Complex*
Macula Densa*
Function
Illustration Of
Location
Permeability

Lower Limb Bones
Components
Size

Lungs
Associated Structures see Diaphragm*

Components
Bronchi*
Bronchioles*
Consistency
Elasticity Of
Left Lung
Processes
Perfusion*
Ventilation*
Right Lung

M

M Line
Function

Macula Densa

Medulla
Components

Renal Columns
Renal Papillae
Renal Pyramids

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Metabolism (Cellular)
Composition
Function
Metabolic Pathways

Catalyzation Of see Enzymes*
Examples Of
Anabolic Pathways
Catabolic Pathways
Feedback Inhibition

Monogastric Digestive System
Components

Enzymes
Saliva
Stomach
Esophagus
Gastric Juices
Small Intestine
Stomach
Teeth
Processes
Absorption
Mastication
Peristalsis see Peristalsis*
Waste Excretion see Excretory System*

Motor End Plate
Components
Neurotransmitter Binding

Multiple Sclerosis
Cause
Symptoms

Muscle Cells

Muscle Contraction
Mechanisms Of
Sliding Filament Model

Muscles
Cells*
Contraction*
Function
Types

Cardiac*
Skeletal*
Smooth*

Muscle Tension
Components Of
Control Of
Dependent On

Cross-Sectional Area
Frequency Of Neural Stimulation

Myelin Sheath
Action Potential Propogation
Demyelination see Multiple Sclerosis*
Function

Conduction Speed
Energy Consumption
Insulation
Nodes of Ranvier
Function see Saltatory Conduction*
Length
Production Of

Myofibrils
Components

A Bands*
I Bands*
Myofilaments*
Sarcomeres*
Z disc (Z line)*
Function
Size

Myofilaments
Overlap Of see H Zone*
Types

Thick Filaments*
Thin Filaments*

Myosin
Binding Sites
Configurations
Enzyme
Function
Movement see Power Stroke*

N

Nephrons
Abundance
Components
Location
Functions

Primary
Secondary
Tubule System Of
Types
Cortical Nephrons
Juxtamedullary Nephrons

Nerve Net

Nerves
Cells see Neurons*
Conduction
Functions
Impulse
Types

Cranial*
Spinal*

Nervous Systems
Alternatives to see Nerve Net*
Components

Glia
Neurons
Function
Location
Invertebrate Nervous Systems
Vertebrate Nervous Systems
Types
Autonomic*
Central*
Parasympathetic*
Peripheral*
Sensory-Somatic*
Sympathetic*

Neurons
Abundance
Appearance
Components

Axon
Axon Hillock
Axon Terminals
Cell Body
Dendrite
Myelin see Myelin Sheath*
Synapses see Synaptic Transmission*
Synaptic Cleft
Diversity of
Function
Membranes
Neurogenesis
Identification Of
Organization
Signal Transmission
Postsynaptic Neurons
Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential
Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential
Presynaptic Neurons
Structure
Support see Glia*
Types
Bipolar
Pseudounipolar
Motor
Sensory
Multipolar
Unipolar

Neurotransmitters
Effects
Examples

Acetylcholine*
Function
Release Of see Action Potential, Process*

Nitric Oxide (NO)
Diffusion
Function
Functional Distance
Half-Life

O

Occipital Lobe
Function see Visual System*
Location

Ohm’s Law
Current-Voltage Relationship
Current-Voltage-Resistance Relationship
Ohmic Substances

Examples
Resistance Of

Olfactory Bulb
Composition see Glomerulus*

Olfactory System
Associated Structures / Systems

Amygdala
Memory
Gustatory System see Sensory Information Processing, Interconnectivity, Taste and Odours*
Processes
Stimuli
Odorants
Structures
Olfactory Bulb*
Olfactory Epithelium
Olfactory Neurons
Olfactory Receptor

Oral Cavity
Components

Bolus
Saliva*
Salivary Glands*
Teeth
Tongue
Processes
Mastication
Swallowing

Osmoconformers see Salinity, Tolerance*

Osmotic Pressure
Influenced By

Osmoregulators see Salinity, Tolerance*

Osmoregulation
Function see Homeostasis*
Main Organs Of

Kidneys*
Skin
Lungs*
Malfunction Of
Mechanisms Of
Need For

Osmosis

Ossicles
Components

Function
Location

Outer Cortex

Oxygen
Delivery

Control Of
Transportation In Blood

Oxygen Dissociation Curve
Influences

Hormones
Partial Pressures
pH
Temperature

Oxygen-Hemoglobin Saturation Curve
Influences

Hormones
Partial Pressures
pH
Temperature

Oxyhemoglobin
Production Of

P

Pancreas
Function

Paracrine Signaling
Cell Locations
Degradation Speed
Response Length
Response Speed

Parasympathetic Nervous System
Effects On

Blood
Digestion
Heart
Sacral Spinal Cord
Function
Neurotransmitters Of
Acetylecholine

Parietal Lobe

Function
Location

Partial Pressures see Dalton’s Law*
Differences Of
Function
Of Carbon Dioxide
Of Oxygen

Pectoral Girdle
Components

Function

Pelvic Girdle
Components
Function

Pepsin
Conversion

Pepsinogen
Function
Secretion Of

Perfusion
Surfaces
Volumes

Perimysium

Peripheral Nervous System
Components
Function

Peristalsis
Directionality
Function

Pheromones
Function
Reception see Vomeronasal Organ (VNO)*
Transmission
Types

Phospholipid Bilayer

Phosphorylation
Function

Photopigments
Function
Types see Rhodopsin*

Photosynthesis
Reaction

Physiology
Branches of

Pitch

Place Theory

Plasma Membrane Hormone Receptors
Function
Location
Process

First Messenger
Second Messenger see Cyclic AMP (cAMP)*

Plasmodesmata

Pleural Fluid
Characteristics

Power Stroke
ADP Release
Energy Expenditure

Pressure
Partial Pressures*
Types

Hydrostatic*
Intra-alveolar*
Interpleural*
Transpulmonary*

Proprioception

Proteins
Components see Amino Acids*
Digestion

Enzymes
Peptides
Visualization Of
Function

Pulmonary Surfactant
Function
Secretion

Pulmonary Ventilation
Mechanisms Of

Atmospheric Pressure*
Intra-Alveolar Pressure*
Intrapleural Pressure*
Physical Factors Of
Pressure Relationships Of
Regulation Of

R

Receptors
Function
Types

Cell-Surface Receptors*
Internal Receptors see Internal Receptors*

Rectum
Components

Anus
Sphincters
Function
Location

Red Muscle
Efficiency
Function

Refractory Period
Function

Regulatory Proteins
Conformational Changes Of
Examples

Tropomyosin*
Troponin*
Function

Renal Cortex see Kidneys, Regions*
Components

Renal Pelvis see Kidneys, Regions*
Extensions Of
Function

Renal Vein see Kidneys, Regions*
Function
Location

Renin

Repolarization

Resistance (Voltage)
Range Of
Relationship With Current
Resistors

Resistance Force
Function
Relationship With Pressure

Respiration
Environments of
Function
In Birds
In Fish see Gills*
In Insects see Tracheal Systems*
In Mammals

Animation
Components
Larynx
Nasal Cavity
Pharynx
Trachea*
Processes
Types
Direct Diffusion*
External Respiration*
Gaseous Exchange*
Internal Respiration*

Respiratory Structures
Alveolisee Respiration, In Mammals*
Gillssee Respiration, In Fish*
Lungs*
Parabronchi see Respiration, In Birds*
Trachea see Respiration, In Insects*

Respiratory Systems
Complexity
Function
Structures (Human)
Tissues

Gills*
Lungs*
Integument*

Resting Membrane Potential
Cause
Components

Calcium Ions
Potassium Ions
Sodium Ions
Energy Use
Leakage
Sodium-Potassium Pump
Function
Visualization Of
Voltage

Rhodopsin
Activation
Components

Rib Cage
Components
Function

Rods
Components
Function
Location

S

Salinity
Tolerance

Euryhaline*
Stenohaline*

Saliva
Components

Enzymes
Lipase
Salivary Amylase
Production Of see Salivary Glands*

Salivary Glands
Types

Saltatory Conduction

Sarcolemma
Components see Motor End Plate*
Function

Sarcomeres
Components

Thick Filaments*
Thin Filaments*
Definition Of
Function
Shortening Of

Semicircular Canals
Arrangement
Function
Interconnectivity Of
Sensitivity

Sensory-Somatic Nervous System
Components
Function
Neurotransmitters Of

Acetylcholine

Sensory Information Processing
Function
In Humans

Auditory System*
Equilibrium*
Gustatory System*
Olfactory System*
Somatosensation*
Visual System*
Interconnectivity
Taste and Odours
Taste and Olfaction
Receptors
Specificity of
Steps
Encoding and Transmission
Reception

Sensory Transduction
Cellular Systems

Internal / External Environment
Sensory Receptor

Setpoint see Homeostasis, Function*

Simple Circuits
Voltage-Voltage Drop Relationship

Skeletal Muscle Cells
Size

Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Alternative Names
Appearance see Striation*
Attachment
Components

Myofibrils*
Sarcolemma*
Skeletal Muscle Cells*
Contraction
Function
Functional Unit see Sarcomeres*
Layers
Endomysium*
Epimysium*
Perimysium*
Location
Nuclei of
Types
Red*
White*

Skeletal System (Human)
Components

Appendicular Skeleton*
Axial Skeleton*
Functions

Skull
Components

Cranial Bones*
Facial Bones*
Function

Small Hydrophobic Ligands
Diffusion of
Example see Steroid Hormones*
Interactions With

Internal Receptors*

Small Intestine
Appearance
Components

Epithelial Cells
Microvilli
Villi
Function
Length
Parts
Duodenum*
Jejunum*
Ileum*
Surface Area
Visualization Of

Smooth Muscle Tissue
Alternative Names
Appearance
Location
Nuclei of

Sodium (Na+)
Abundance
Reabsorption
Transport see Active Transport*

Sodium-Potassium ATPase
Function

Somatosensation

Spine
Cord see Spinal Cord*
Nerves see Spinal Nerves*

Spinal Column see Vertebral Column*

Spinal Cord
Components

Damage to
Function
Motor Reflex Control
Signal Transmission
Location

Spinal Nerves
Abundance
Function
Structure

Spiracles
Function
Location

Split Brain

Stenohaline see Salinity, Tolerance*

Sternum
Alternative Names
Appearance
Location
Function

Steroid Hormones
Composition
Examples
Function

Stomach
Chemical Digestion
Chyme*
Lining

Protection Of
Ruptures Of see Ulcers*
pH
Protein Digestion
Secretions
Gastric Juices
Pepsin*
Visualization

Striation
Causes of

Sympathetic Nervous System
Effects On

Adrenal Glands
Blood
Digestion
Heart
Spinal Cord
Function
Neurotransmitters Of
Acetylcholine
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine

Synaptic Transmission
Plasticity

Function
Signal Summation
Function
Location
Visualization Of
Types
Chemical
Directionality
Neurotransmitter Removal
Speed
Synaptic Vesicles
Visualization Of
Electrical
Directionality
Gap Junctions
Reliability
Speed

Synovial Joints
Examples
Movement Types

Angular
Extension
Flexion (Bending)
Rotational

T

Tastants

Taste Bud
Replacement of

Taste Pore

Temporal Lobe
Components see Hippocampus*
Function see Auditory System*
Location

Thalamus
Function
Location

Thermoregulation
Coordination Of
Examples

Ectotherms*
Endotherms*
In Humans
Cold Exposure
Heat Exposure

Thick Filaments
Composition

Myosin*
Location

Thin Filaments
Composition

Actin*
Tropomyosin*
Troponin*
Location

Thoracic Cage see Rib Cage*

Thoracic Wall
Compliance Of
Function
Recoil

Trachea
Birfurcation Of
Components
Function
Length

Tracheal Systems
Components

Spiracles*
Tubular Network*
Efficiency
Function
Independence Of

Transcription

Transduction
Light
Sensory see Sensory Transduction*
Signals (Electrical)
Sound

Transmembrane Potential

Transmembrane Receptors see Cell-Surface Receptors*

Transpulmonary Pressure
Relation To Lung Size

Tropomyosin
Function

Troponin
Calcium Binding
Function
Subunits

Tubular Network

Tubules see Kidneys*

Functions
Reabsorption
Secretion
Types
Collecting Tubule
Distal Convoluted Tubule
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
Renal Tubule

U

Ulcers
Cause Of

Ultrasound

Upper Limb Bones
Components

Ureotelic

Ureter
Function

Urinary System
Components
Function see Excretory System*
Location see Kidneys, Function*

V

Vasoconstriction

Vasodilation
Function

Veins
Function
Valves

Ventilation
Structures
Volumes

Vertebrae
Abundance
Composition see Cartilaginous Intervertebral Disks*

Vertebral Column
Alternative Names
Components

Coccyx
Sacrum
Vertebrae*
Function

Vestibular System
Associated Systems / Structures

Cerebellum
Medulla
Temporal Cortex
Components
Acceleration
Deceleration
Gravity
Function
Receptor Organs
Saccule
Semicircular Canals see Semicircular Canals*
Utricle
Structures
Hair Cells

Visible Spectrum

Visual System
Characteristics

Amplitude
Wavelength
Function
Importance
Processes
Light Transduction
Stimuli see Visible Spectrum*
Electromagnetic Waves
Photons
Structures
Cornea
Fovea
Iris
Lens
Photoreceptive Cells see Cones*, see also Rods*
Pupil
Retina

Vitamins
Digestion

Voltage
Drop
Impediment Of see Resistance*
Potential Difference

Vomeronasal Organ (VNO)
Function
Location

W

Water
Balance see Cells, Concentration*
Movement Through

Fish
Insects
Mammals
Reabsorption
Aquaporins
Peritubular Capillaries

Water-Soluble Ligands
Examples
Movement Of
Requirements Of

Cell-Surface Receptors*
Extracellular Domain*

White Muscle
Efficiency
Function

Z

Z Disc (Z Line)
Movement Of

 

 

Index developed by: Heather Mayberry

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Introductory Animal Physiology 2nd Edition Copyright © by 2020-09-28 is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.

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