Glossary
- adverse events following immunization
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Any untoward medical occurrence in a vaccine which follows immunization and may not necessarily have a causal relationship with the administration of the vaccine
- analogous
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Similar or alike
- antibody titers
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Clinical test to measure amount of antibody in person’s blood
- antigens
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Substance that induces an immune response, trigger production of antibodies
- benefit-to-risk profile
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Predicted benefits from the vaccine outweigh the predicted risk of adverse events
- booster
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An additional vaccine to help sustain immunity
- capsid
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Capsule around the pathogen
- corticosteroids
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Medications that reduce inflammation
- diaphragmatic breathing
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Take slow breath in the nose, breathing into lower abdomen *about 4 seconds
Hold breath for 1-2 seconds
Exhale slowly through the mouth *about 4 seconds - efficacy
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Efficacy is measured in controlled clinical trials, whereas effectiveness is measured once the vaccine is approved for use in the general population
- eliminated
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Refers to complete and permanent worldwide reduction to zero new cases
- entry-to-practice level competency
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Minimum requirements for a nurse to enter into practice
- eradicated
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Reduction to zero (or a very low defined target rate) of new cases in specified regions
- Food and Drugs Act and Regulations
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National safety standards for safety and nutritional quality
- Good Clinical Practice (GCP)
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International quality standards for the conduct of clinical trials defined by the International Conference for Harmonization
- Good Laboratory Practice (GLP)
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International practice standards that govern all aspects of laboratory data and ensure integrity of chemical pre-clinical safety testing
- Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)
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A national system of standards to ensure that the vaccine production process uses acceptable quality materials, meets specifications consistently, each new lot has same characteristics of safety and efficacy, and is done in a licensed establishment
- half-life
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Time taken for the property to reduce by half
- herd immunity
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The resistance to the spread of a contagious disease in a sufficiently high proportion of the population, particularly through vaccination
- heuristic thinking
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Shortcuts or quick reactive thinking
- immunosuppressant agents
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Medications that reduce or suppress the strength of a body’s immune system response (e.g., antirejection drugs following organ transplant)
- population health approach
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Aims to optimize the health status of a whole population (as opposed to specific individuals) and reduce health inequities among sub-populations
- post-marketing period
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Time after vaccine has been marketed to general population for use
- resource-constrained environments
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Workplaces facing limited staff, equipment or other financial limitations
- retrospective
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Looking back on past events or relying on recall
- supine
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Laying position/flat on back
- teratogenicity
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The study of congenital abnormalities during development
- the most responsible provider
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Doctor or nurse practitioner
- vaccine life cycle
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Refers to the various stages of vaccine development and delivery
- vaccine safety signals
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Information that indicates a potential link between a vaccine and an event previously unknown or incompletely documented, that could affect health
