6.9 References & Media Attributions

References

Alluri, R. (December 1, 2009). A history of conflict: The Rwandan civil war and genocide. The role of tourism in post-conflict peacebuilding in Rwanda. Swisspeace. https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep11112

Armenian Genocide (1915-1923) (n.d.). Armenian National Institute. https://www.armenian-genocide.org/genocide.html

Armenian Genocide. (n.d.). USC Shoah Foundation. https://sfi.usc.edu/collections/armenian

Aboriginal Peoples Television Network (APTN). (June 2, 2015). Canada guilty of cultural genocide against Indigenous peoples: TRC. APTN National News. https://www.aptnnews.ca/national-news/canada-guilty-cultural-genocide-indigenous-peoples-trc-2/

Baum, S. (June 2012). The psychology of genocide: Perpetrators, bystanders, and rescuers. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511819278 

Boissoneault, L. (December 12, 2016). The first moments of Hitler’s final solution. Smithsonian Magazine. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/first-moments-hitlers-final-solution-180961387/

Brooks, C. (2019). Chapter 11: The Holocaust. Western civilization: A concise history. https://pressbooks.nscc.ca/worldhistory/chapter/chapter-11-the-holocaust/

Buchholz, K. (2021). Infographic: 17 million fell victim to the Nazi regime. https://www.statista.com/chart/24024/number-of-victims-nazi-regime/

Canada. (June 11, 2021). Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. https://www.rcaanc-cirnac.gc.ca/eng/1450124405592/1529106060525

Cassin, R. (n.d.). Genocide: An introduction. Rene Cassin. https://www.renecassin.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Genocide-background-paper.pdf

Coborn, V. (June 1, 2021). No longer ‘the disappeared’: Mourning the 215 children found in graves at Kamloops Indian Residential School. TheConversation.com. https://theconversation.com/no-longer-the-disappeared-mourning-the-215-children-found-in-graves-at-kamloops-indian-residential-school-161782

Daily life in the Warsaw Ghetto. (n.d.). Imperial War Museums. https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/daily-life-in-the-warsaw-ghetto

Daniel, A. (June 28, 2021). Nutrition researchers saw malnourished children at Indian Residential Schools as perfect test subjects. TheConversation.com. https://theconversation.com/nutrition-researchers-saw-malnourished-children-at-indian-residential-schools-as-perfect-test-subjects-162986

Deer, K. (September 29, 2021). Why it’s difficult to put a number on how many children died at residential schools. CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/residential-school-children-deaths-numbers-1.6182456

FemNorthNet. (2016). Colonialism and its impacts. Resource Development in Northern Communities: Local Women Matter #3. Ottawa: Canadian Research Institute for the Advancement of Women. https://www.criaw-icref.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Local-Women-Matter-3-Colonialism-and-its-impacts.pdf

Fonseca, S. (2020). Institutional racism in Canada: Indigenous lived realities. The Society – Sociology & Criminology Undergraduate Review, 5(1), 50-59. https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/society/article/view/34003/26078

Genocide Studies Program. (2022). Armenian Genocide. Yale University. https://gsp.yale.edu/case-studies/armenian-genocide

Giles, D. (February 15, 2022). Unmarked graves discovered at former residential schools at Saskatchewan First Nation. Global News. https://globalnews.ca/news/8621287/unmarked-graves-former-residential-schools-saskatchewan-keeseekoose-first-nation/

Grobman, G. (1990). Stereotypes and Prejudices. Remembering.org. https://remember.org/guide/history-root-stereotypes

Gutbrod, H. & Wood, D. (June 14, 2021). Turkey will never Recognize the Armenian Genocide. Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/06/14/armenia-turkey-genocide-ottoman-empire-history-rapprochement-diplomacy-public-opinion/

Hamby, S. (June 21, 2018). What is dehumanization, anyway? Psychology Today. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325976178_What_Is_Dehumanization_Anyway 

Hanson, E. (2009a). Sixties Scoop. Indigenous Foundations. https://indigenousfoundations.arts.ubc.ca/sixties_scoop/

Hanson, E. (2009b). The Residential School System. Indigenous Foundations. https://indigenousfoundations.arts.ubc.ca/the_residential_school_system/

History.com Editors. (October 2009a). Rwandan Genocide. History Channel. https://www.history.com/topics/africa/rwandan-genocide

History.com Editors. (October 2009b). The Holocaust. History Channel. https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/the-holocaust

History.com Editors (October 2010). Armenian Genocide. History Channel. https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/armenian-genocide

House, T. (January 25, 2022). Williams Lake research leads investigators into ‘darkest recesses of human behavior’ says chief. Aboriginal Peoples Television Network (APTN). https://www.aptnnews.ca/national-news/williams-lake-first-nation-in-b-c-finds-93-possible-burial-sites-at-former-residential-school/

Hovannisian, R. (January 29, 2009). The Armenian Genocide in perspective. Transaction Publishers. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-journal-of-middle-east-studies/article/abs/richard-hovannisian-ed-the-armenian-genocide-in-perspective-new-brunswick-nj-transaction-books-1986-pp-215-akaby-nassibian-britain-and-the-armenian-question-19151923-london-and-sydney-croom-helm-1984-pp-294/D4661452509599FAC41D13643C28A2E2 

Kévorkian, R. (2011). The Armenian genocide: A complete history. Bloomsbury Publishing. https://www.worldcat.org/title/armenian-genocide-a-complete-history/oclc/716840759&referer=brief_results

Kiernan, B. (2004). The first genocide: Carthage, 146 BC. Diogenes, 203, 27-39. https://gsp.yale.edu/sites/default/files/first_genocide.pdf

Kifner, J. (n.d.) Armenian Genocide of 1915: An overview. New York Times. https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/ref/timestopics/topics_armeniangenocide.html?simple=True

Lafontaine, F. (June 11, 2021). How Canada committed genocide against Indigenous Peoples, explained by the lawyer central to the determination. TheConversation.com. https://theconversation.com/how-canada-committed-genocide-against-indigenous-peoples-explained-by-the-lawyer-central-to-the-determination-162582

Ludwig, K. (April 18, 2016). The scapegoat. Geifman Prize in Holocaust Studies. http://digitalcommons.augustana.edu/geifmanprize/6

Maron, J. (n.d.). What led to the genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda? Canadian Museum for Human Rights. https://humanrights.ca/story/what-led-to-the-genocide-against-the-tutsi-in-rwanda

Melson, R. (July 1982). A theoretical inquiry into the Armenian Massacres of 1894-1896. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 24(3), 481-509. https://www.jstor.org/stable/178512

Mullings, M., Schneiderhan, E. & Walsh, B. (2019). Remembering genocide: UTM students in experiential sociology course analyze how we construct memories of the Holocaust. University of Toronto Mississauga Magazine 18-19.. https://www.utm.utoronto.ca/alumni/sites/files/alumni/public/shared/UofT_M_magazine_Spring_2019.pdf

National Collaborating Centre for Indigenous Health (NCCIH). (2014). Indigenous experiences with racism and its impacts. https://www.nccih.ca/docs/determinants/FS-Racism2-Racism-Impacts-EN.pdf

National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls (MMIWG). (2019). A legal analysis of genocide: Supplementary report. https://www.mmiwg-ffada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Supplementary-Report_Genocide.pdf

Newbury, C. (1995). Background to genocide: Rwanda. Issue – A journal of opinion, 23(2), 12-17. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1166500

PBS NewsHour. (April 24, 2015). Why Turkey doesn’t use the word ‘genocide’ for Armenia. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENaO3NPxzkM

Ratzabi, H. (n.d.). What were pogroms? My Jewish learning. https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/what-were-pogroms/ 

Rwanda genocide: 100 days of slaughter. (April 4, 2019). BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-26875506

Richmond, C. & Cook, C. (July 20, 2016). Creating conditions for Canadian aboriginal health equity: The promise of healthy public policy. Public Health Reviews, 37: 2. https://publichealthreviews.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40985-016-0016-5

Roser, M., & Hasell, J., Herre, B., & Macdonald, B. (2016). War and peace. Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/genocides

Roth, P. (April 2010). Social Psychology and Genocide. The Oxford Handbook of Genocide Studies. https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199232116.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199232116-e-11

Sen Nag, O. (May 15, 2018). The worst genocides in history. World Atlas. https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/most-horrific-genocides-in-human-history.html

Staniforth, J. (June 10, 2015). ‘Cultural genocide’? No, Canada committed regular genocide. Toronto Star. https://www.thestar.com/opinion/commentary/2015/06/10/cultural-genocide-no-canada-committed-regular-genocide.html

Stewart, C. (March 2, 2022). Kapawe’no First Nation in Alberta announces 169 possible unmarked graves. Aboriginal Peoples Television Network. https://www.aptnnews.ca/national-news/kapaweno-first-nation-in-alberta-announces-169-possible-unmarked-graves/

Taylor, A. (October 16, 2011). World War II: The Holocaust. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2011/10/world-war-ii-the-holocaust/100170/

The genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda. (n.d.). Montreal Holocaust Museum.  https://museeholocauste.ca/en/resources-training/the-genocide-against-the-tutsi-in-rwanda/

The Holocaust. (n.d.). The National WWII Museum.  https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/holocaust

Toth, J. (December, 11, 2020). Hitler’s 4-Step process for dehumanizing the Jews. Bahai Teachings. https://bahaiteachings.org/hitlers-step-process-dehumanizing-jews/

United Nations. (n.d.-a). About the genocide convention. The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948). https://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/documents/Genocide%20Convention-FactSheet-ENG.pdf

United Nations. (n.d.-b). Genocide. Office on Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Protect.  https://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/genocide.shtml

United Nations. (n.d.-c). The Genocide Convention fact-sheet. Office on Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Protect. https://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/documents/Genocide%20Convention-FactSheet-ENG.pdf

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. (n.d.). Pogroms. Holocaust Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/pogroms

University of Minnesota. (n.d.). Rwanda. Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies. https://cla.umn.edu/chgs/holocaust-genocide-education/resource-guides/rwanda

vanbuekl. (June 2, 2021). Concerted national action overdue for all the children who never came home from residential schools. National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation (NCTR). https://nctr.ca/concerted-national-action-overdue-for-all-the-children-who-never-came-home-from-residential-schools/

Wiesel, E. (1972). Night. New York: Hill & Wang. https://www.acpsd.net/site/handlers/filedownload.ashx?moduleinstanceid=69275&dataid=142567 

Media Attributions

CBC. (2012). We were children [Video]. CBC Gem. https://gem.cbc.ca/media/we-were-children/s175

CBC News. (June 22, 2018). Separating children from parents: The Sixties Scoop in Canada [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/_nmd6HXKXYU

Centre for Innovation – Leiden University. (October 3, 2017). International law in action II: 1.3 Core crimes of genocide [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/WbpP8BYBsis

Clod, L. (2015). Genocide worse than war full length documentary PBS [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/vsMe7QvqpaU

CSUSonoma. (March 14, 2008). Holocaust lecture series [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/gh598vX7tqs

Darakdjian, A. (April 24, 2018). Raphael Lemkin defines genocide [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/Xj_IKM7QdCU

EtienneDolet. (June 26, 2013). Skulls Armenian genocide [Photograph]. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SkullsArmenianGenocide.jpg

Fairfax Network – Fairfax Country Public Schools. (January 28, 2016). Surviving the Holocaust: Full show [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/ayN-IhDYBBQ

HumberEDU. (February 5, 2016). Armenian genocide – Lessons from history [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/Ty4iRT0z5Ms

LADbible TV. (October 24, 2021). I saw people being beheaded and eaten by dogs [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/owNlSNNd7tw

Lewis, J. (July 11, 2024). Holocaust Memorial Center in Farmington Hills, MI [Photograph].

Mindmatrix (November 25, 2021). Cree students and teacher in class at All Saints Indian Residential School, (Anglican Mission School) (14185268954) [Photograph]. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cree_students_and_teacher_in_class_at_All_Saints_Indian_Residential_School,_(Anglican_Mission_School)…_Élèves_cris_et_leur_professeure_au_Pensionnat_indien_de_All_Saints,_(École_missionnaire_anglicane)…_(14185268954).jpg

Monkman, K. (2017). The Scream [Acrylic on Canvas]. Collection of the Denver Art Museum. 84” x 126”. https://www.kentmonkman.com/painting/2017/1/20/the-scream

National Post. (June 22, 2018). ‘They’re taking us to our death’: How a teenage girl escaped the Nazis [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/KwCg3f00TEc

Ridly, T. (March 9, 2009). Rwanda: 15 years on – Photostory 3 [Photograph]. Flickr. https://www.flickr.com/photos/dfid/3403032782

TRT World. (April 8, 2021). What led to the genocide in Rwanda? [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/RphYwV91MN4

TVO Docs. (October 1, 2019). Is it really genocide? In Canada? [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/kqokpUqkLqo

United Nations. (September 5, 2019). The Genocide Convention: A call for action [Video]. Kaltura. https://cdnapisec.kaltura.com/index.php/extwidget/preview/partner_id/2503451/uiconf_id/43914941/entry_id/1_et29yipm/embed/dynamic

United Nations. (August 22, 2020). Genocide Intl Day Special Emblem [Photograph]. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GenocideIntlDay_SpecialEmblem_En.png 

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. (March 21, 1996). 1389.4 Holocaust A [Photograph]. Flickr. https://www.flickr.com/photos/ushmm/16269109876

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. (January 13, 2014). The path to Nazi genocide [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sRcNq4OYTyE&t=8s

World Jewish Congress. (July 24, 2019). What is genocide? [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/MFxeCe8zVQo

Vytautas 777. (August 2020). GenocideIntlDay SpecialEmblem En.png [Photograph]. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GenocideIntlDay_SpecialEmblem_En.png 

Cover Photo: Kzl55. (June 5, 2017). Exhumed skeletal remains of victims of the Isaaq genocide [Photograph]. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Exhumed_skeletal_remains_of_victims_of_the_Isaaq_genocide.jpg