Contents

1. Introduction

2. Thank You

3. Acknowledgements: eCampusOntario

4. Copyright – Introductory Animal Physiology

5. Icons Legend

6. Chapter 1. Introduction to Physiology

   1. 1.1 – What is Physiology?

   2. 1.2 – Limits of Life

   3. 1.3 – Homeostasis

      1. Homeostasis
7. Chapter 2. Gaseous Exchange

   1. 2.1 – Introduction to Respiratory Systems

      1. Direct diffusion

   2. 2.2 – Respiratory Structures and Their Function

   3. 2.3 – Gaseous Exchange Mechanisms

8. Chapter 3 – Transport of Gases

   1. 3.1 – Gas Transport

      1. Oxygen transport in the blood
      2. Carbon dioxide transport in the blood

   2. 3.2 – Circulatory Systems

      1. The circulatory system
9. Chapter 4 – Ion and Water Balance

   1. 4.1 – Osmoregulation in Animals Living in Aquatic Environment

      1. Osmoregulation

   2. 4.2 – Ion and Water Balance on Land

      1. Kidneys: the main osmoregulatory organ
10. Chapter 5 – Digestion and Energy

    1. 5.1 – Biological Energy

       1. Cell’s metabolism and energy

    2. 5.2 – Components of the Digestive System

       1. Herbivores, omnivores, and carnivores
       2. Vertebrate digestive systems
       3. Parts of the digestive system

    3. 5.3 – Nutrient Transport and Energy Metabolism

       1. Food energy and ATP
11. Chapter 6 – Locomotion

    1. 6.1 – Fuels for Locomotion

       1. Nutrition and energy production

    2. 6.2 – Types of Muscles

       1. Types of muscle tissue

    3. 6.3 – Types of Locomotion

       1. Human skeletal system
       2. Animal locomotion

    4. 6.4 – Muscle Contraction

       1. Sliding filament model of contraction
12. Chapter 7 – Electrical Signals

    1. 7.1 – Electrical Potential

       1. Ohm’s Law

    2. 7.2 – Resting, Graded and Action Potential

       1. Neurons
       2. Nerve impulse transmission within a neuron

    3. 7.3 – Synapses

       1. Synaptic transmission

    4. 7.4 – Neuroglia

       1. Glia
13. Chapter 8 – Sensory Systems

    1. 8.1 – Neuronal organization

       1. Central nervous system

    2. 8.2 – Brain evolution

       1. Organization of the central nervous system

    3. 8.3 – Special Senses

       1. Sensory information processing in animals
       2.  Somatosensation
       3. Taste and smell
       4. Hearing and vestibular information
       5. Vision
14. Chapter 9 – Maintaining internal balance

    1. 9.1 – Interpreting External Cues

    2. 9.2 – Signaling Pathways, Hormones and Endocrine System

       1. Chemical signaling
       2. Types of receptors
       3. Signaling molecules

    3. 9.3 – Examples of Internal Balance