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Attributions

“Understanding Business,” edited by Anela Tomac, Copyright © Conestoga College, was published by Conestoga Open Learning in 2025 and is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International except where otherwise noted. Any derivative work must include an attribution statement on each page, with a link back to the original work. Please use the following template statement as a guide:

Unless otherwise indicated, this [insert chapter or work description] contains material adapted from “Understanding Business,” edited by Anela Tomac and published by Conestoga Open Learning in 2025, and is used under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Download and access this OER for free at Understanding Business.

Attributions for Understanding Business

Understanding Business is an adaptation of Business Fundamentals, 1st Edition, copyright © 2025 by Kerri Shields and used under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Adaptations include a reorganization of chapters and the addition of original content.

Design Credits for Understanding Business

Credits for photos and figures are included in the chapter attributions lists where appropriate. Several exhibits were adapted by the Open Learning team at Conestoga College under the direction of the editor. Other credits include:

  • Book cover designed by Sarthak Gupta
  • Cover photo by fauxels from Pexels, used under the Pexels License.
  • Career Spotlight feature designed by Cecile Michniewicz
  • Chapter in Review downloadable PDFs designed by Thanmayi Dayala

Attributions from Business Fundamentals by Kerri Shields

Table 0.2: Attributions for Business Fundamentals by Kerri Shields
Book Chapter Adaptations from OER Sources Level 1 Chapter Headings
Chapter 1: Habits for Business Success N/A N/A
Chapter 2: Business Concepts and Teamwork “Foundations of Business” in NSCC Fundamentals of Business Copyright © 2021 NSCC Edition by NSCC, Pamplin College of Business and Virginia Tech Libraries is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. The Apple World of Business
Chapter 2: Business Concepts and Teamwork “The Nature of Business” in Introduction to Business Copyright © 2023 Web Edition by OpenStax is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License v4.0, except where otherwise noted. Economic Benefits When Businesses Earn Profits and Factors of Production: The Building Blocks of Business
Chapter 2: Business Concepts and Teamwork “Teamwork in Business” in Fundamentals of Business Copyright © 2022 by Florence Daddey and Rachael Newton is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Business Participants, Stakeholders, and Functional Areas of Business; Group Cohesion; and Factors that Erode Team Performance
Chapter 2: Business Concepts and Teamwork “Foundations of Business” and “Teamwork in Business” in Fundamentals of Business: Canadian Edition Copyright © 2018 (Canadian Edition) by Pamplin College of Business and Virginia Tech Libraries is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Team Roles, Blocking Roles H5P, Class Team Projects, and Team Contract H5P
Chapter 3: Management and Leadership “Management and Leadership in Today’s Organizations” in Introduction to Business Copyright © 2023 by OpenStax is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License v4.0 Four Functions of Management and Planning, Organizing, and Leading
Chapter 3: Management and Leadership “Governance Board Membership” in Indigenous Lifeways in Canadian Business Copyright © 2022 by Russell Evans, Michael Mihalicz, and Maureen Sterling is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Governance Board Membership
Chapter 3: Management and Leadership “The Role of Managers” in Fundamentals of Business Copyright © 2022 by Florence Daddey and Rachael Newton is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Controlling, Managerial Skills, SMART Goals, and A Six-Step Approach to Decision Making
Chapter 3: Management and Leadership Fundamentals of Business: Canadian Edition Copyright © 2018 (Canadian Edition) by Pamplin College of Business and Virginia Tech Libraries is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Motivating Employees
Chapter 4: Entrepreneurship and Business Structure “New Venture Innovation” in Leading Innovation, 2nd Edition Copyright © 2023 by Kerri Shields is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. All with some adaptations
Chapter 4: Entrepreneurship and Business Structure Fundamentals of Business Copyright © 2022 by Florence Daddey and Rachael Newton is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Business Structure (partial with adaptations)
Chapter 5: Economics and Banking “Indigenous Entrepreneurship” in Indigenous Lifeways in Canadian Business Copyright © 2022 by Russell Evans, Michael Mihalicz, and Maureen Sterling is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Indigenous Entrepreneurship: Economic Leakage
Chapter 5: Economics and Banking “Economics and Business” and “Money and Banking” in Fundamentals of Business Copyright © 2022 by Florence Daddey and Rachael Newton is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. All with some adaptations
Chapter 6: Ethics, Law, and Social Responsibility Fundamentals of Business, 3rd edition Copyright © 2020 by Stephen J. Skripak and Ron Poff is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Personal and Business Ethics (partial with some adaptations) and The Individual Approach to Ethics (partial with some adaptations)
Chapter 6: Ethics, Law, and Social Responsibility Ethics and Social Responsibility Copyright © 2024 by Business Faculty from Ontario Colleges and eCampusOntario Program Managers is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) (partial with some adaptations), CSR and Various Stakeholders (partial with some adaptations), and Carroll’s Corporate Social Responsibility Pyramid (with adaptations)
Chapter 7: Global Business Business in a Global Environment Copyright © 2024 by Business Faculty from Ontario Colleges and eCampusOntario Program Managers is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. The Globalization of Business: Why Do Nations Trade? (partial with some adaptations), The Global Environment (partial with some adaptations), Trade Controls (partial with some adaptations), and Reducing International Trade Barriers (partial with some adaptations)
Chapter 7: Global Business “Business in a Global Environment” in Fundamentals of Business Copyright © 2022 by Florence Daddey and Rachael Newton is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Why Do Nations Trade? (partial with some adaptations), Measuring Trade Between Nations (partial with some adaptations), and Opportunities in International Business (partial with some adaptations)
Chapter 8: Marketing Management “Authenticity and Indigenous Products” in Indigenous Lifeways in Canadian Business Copyright © 2022 by Russell Evans, Michael Mihalicz, and Maureen Sterling is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Authenticity and Indigenous Products
Chapter 8: Marketing Management Marketing: Providing Value Copyright © 2024 by Business Faculty from Ontario Colleges and eCampusOntario Program Managers is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. What is Marketing? (with some adaptations), Target Markets (with some adaptations), and The Marketing Mix (with some adaptations)
Chapter 9: Operations Management Operations Management Copyright © 2024 by Business Faculty from Ontario Colleges and eCampusOntario Program Managers is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Operations Management for Manufacturing (partial with some adaptations), Production Planning (partial with some adaptations), Production Control (partial with some adaptations), Graphical Tools: Gannt and PERT charts, Production Process Technologies (with some adaptations), Operations Management for Service Providers (with some adaptations), and Producing for Quality (with some adaptations)
Chapter 10: Financial Management and Accounting “Overcoming Entrepreneurial Challenges” in Indigenous Lifeways in Canadian Business Copyright © 2022 by Russell Evans, Michael Mihalicz, and Maureen Sterling is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Overcoming Entrepreneurial Challenges: Financing
Chapter 10: Financial Management and Accounting “Accounting and Financial Information” in Fundamentals of Business, 3rd edition Copyright © 2020 by Stephen J. Skripak and Ron Poff is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. The Role of Accounting

 
Chapter 10: Financial Management and Accounting “Money and Banking” in Fundamentals of Business Copyright © 2022 by Florence Daddey and Rachael Newton is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Sources of Funding
Chapter 10: Financial Management and Accounting “Accounting and Financial Information” in Introduction to Canadian Business, Accounting and Financial Information Copyright © 2024 by Business Faculty from Ontario Colleges and eCampusOntario Program Managers is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. The Functions of Financial Statements
Chapter 10: Financial Management and Accounting “Accounting and Financial Information” in Fundamentals of Business: Canadian Edition Copyright © 2018 (Canadian Edition) by Pamplin College of Business and Virginia Tech Libraries is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Financial Statement Analysis
Chapter 11: Human Resources Management Corporate Indigenous Inclusion” in Indigenous Lifeways in Canadian Business Copyright © 2022 by Russell Evans, Michael Mihalicz, and Maureen Sterling is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Corporate Indigenous Inclusion: Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (EDI)
Chapter 11: Human Resources Management “Managing Human Resources” in Managing Human Resources Copyright © 2024 by Business Faculty from Ontario Colleges and eCampusOntario Program Managers is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. All (except Unions) with some adaptations
Chapter 12:  Information and Risk Management Risk Management – Supply Chain and Operations Perspective Copyright © 2024 by Azim Abbas and Larry Watson is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. What is Risk? (partial with adaptations)

 
Chapter 13:  Managing Personal Finances “Personal Finances” in Introduction to Canadian Business, Personal Finances Copyright © 2024 by Business Faculty from Ontario Colleges and eCampusOntario Program Managers is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. All with some adaptations

Artificial Intelligence Disclosure

While human authors and editors created, reviewed, and refined the material, the integration of AI assisted with the creation of the following aspects of this OER:

  • The following content was created with the assistance of Microsoft Copilot.
    • Section 1.6: Team charter
    • Section 2.8: PESTEL analysis—Tim Hortons
    • Section 3.1: Example: Scarcity of farmland
    • Section 4.5: A comparison of Canadian and Filipino cultures using Hofstede’s six dimensions
    • Section 6.7: Business plan — SafeStep Solutions
    • Section 7.3: Common managerial skills
    • Section 7.5: SWOT analysis — lululemon
    • Section 8.5: Marketing mix and Tim Hortons
    • Appendix: Case Studies and Case Studies Solutions
  • New multiple-choice questions for the test bank and Chapter 1 were created using the output from the Arizona State University Question Generator tool and Microsoft Copilot.
  • The image descriptions and alt text for the exhibits in this publication were created using the output from the Arizona State University Image Accessibility Creator tool.

Microsoft Copilot was used to enhance various aspects of the content, including research and brainstorming. Our commitment to quality at Conestoga College ensures that Open Learning holds faculty and staff to high standards. Therefore, authors’ use of AI is vetted for transparency, and they are accountable for their content’s accuracy, integrity, and originality. We are committed to transparency and believe that the use of AI contributes to the quality and accessibility of this resource.

In accordance with the  current guidance from Creative Commons, the content created using Generative AI tools is shared under a CC1.0 Universal Deed.

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