Human Stability

When asking what makes a structure more or less stable, we find that a high center of gravity or a small support base makes a structure less stable. In these cases a small displacement is need in order to move the center of gravity outside the area of support. Structures with a low center of gravity compared to the size of the support area  are more stable. One way to visualize stability is to imagine displacement of the center of gravity caused by placing the object on a slope. For example, a 10° displacement angle might displace the center of gravity of a toddler beyond the support base formed by its feet, while an adult would still be in equilibrium.

The center of gravity of a person’s body is above the pivots in the hips, which is relatively high compared to the size of the support base formed by the feet, so displacements must be quickly controlled. This control is a nervous system function that is developed when we learn to hold our bodies erect as infants.  For increased stability while standing, the feet should be spread apart, giving a larger base of support. Stability is also increased by bending the knees, which lowers the center of gravity toward the base of support. A cane, a crutch, or a walker increases the stability of the user by widening the base of support. Due to their disproportionately large heads, young children have their center of gravity between the shoulders, rather than down near the hips, which decreases their stability and increases the likelihood of reaching a tipping point.