Chapter 12 – Weight Management
The Importance of Physical Activity in Maintaining a Healthy Weight
Why is physical activity important?
Regular physical activity is important for good health, and it is especially important if you are trying to lose weight or to maintain a healthy weight.
When losing weight, more physical activity increases the number of calories your body uses for energy or “burns off.” The burning of calories through physical activity, combined with reducing the number of calories you eat, creates a “calorie deficit” that results in weight loss.
Weight loss occurs mainly because of decreased caloric intake. However, evidence shows the only way to maintain weight loss is to be engaged in regular physical activity.
More importantly, physical activity reduces risks of cardiovascular disease and diabetes beyond that produced by weight reduction alone.
Physical activity also helps to:
- Maintain weight.
- Reduce high blood pressure.
- Reduce risk for type 2 diabetes, heart attack, stroke, and several forms of cancer.
- Reduce arthritis pain and associated disability.
- Reduce risk for osteoporosis and falls.
- Reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety.
How much physical activity do I need?
When it comes to weight management, people vary greatly in how much physical activity they need. Here are some guidelines to follow:
To maintain your weight. Work your way up to 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity, 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity, or an equivalent mix of the two each week. Strong scientific evidence shows that physical activity can help you maintain your weight over time. However, the exact amount of physical activity needed to do this is not clear since it varies greatly from person to person. It is possible that you may need to do more than the equivalent of 150 minutes of moderate-intensity activity a week to maintain your weight.
To lose weight and keep it off. You will need a high amount of physical activity unless you also adjust your diet and reduce the amount of calories you are eating and drinking. Getting to and staying at a healthy weight requires both regular physical activity and a healthy eating plan.
What do moderate- and vigorous-intensity mean?
Moderate: While performing physical activity, if your breathing and heart rate are noticeably faster but you can still carry on a conversation, it is probably moderately intense. Examples include:
- Walking briskly (a 15 min/mile or 9 min/km).
- Light yard work (raking/bagging leaves or using a lawn mower).
- Light snow shoveling.
- Actively playing with children.
- Biking at a casual pace.
Vigorous: If your heart rate is increased substantially, and you are breathing too hard and fast to have a conversation, it is probably vigorously intense. Examples include:
- Jogging/running.
- Swimming laps.
- Rollerblading/inline skating at a brisk pace.
- Cross-country skiing.
- Most competitive sports (football, basketball, or soccer).
- Jumping rope.
Tables 12.1 and 12.2 provide a list of common physical activities and the average calories expended during those activities. *Calories burned per hour will be higher for persons who weigh more than 154 lbs. (70 kg) and lower for persons who weigh less.
| Moderate Physical Activity | Approximate Calories/30 Min. for a 154 lb. Person* | Approximate Calories/Hr. for a 154 lb. Person* |
| Hiking | 185 | 370 |
| Light gardening/yard work | 165 | 330 |
| Dancing | 165 | 330 |
| Golf (walking and carrying clubs) | 165 | 330 |
Bicycling ( < 10 mph) |
145 | 290 |
| Walking (3.5 mph) | 140 | 280 |
| Weight lifting (general light workout) | 110 | 220 |
| Stretching | 90 | 180 |
| Vigorous Physical Activity | Approximate Calories/30 Min. for a 154 lb. Person* | Approximate Calories/Hr. for a 154 lb. Person* |
| Running/jogging (5 mph) | 295 | 590 |
| Bicycling (>10 mph) | 295 | 590 |
| Swimming (slow freestyle laps) | 255 | 510 |
| Aerobics | 240 | 480 |
| Walking (4.5 mph) | 230 | 460 |
| Heavy yard work (chopping wood) | 220 | 440 |
| Weightlifting (vigorous effort) | 220 | 440 |
| Basketball (vigorous) | 220 | 440 |
Source: Adapted from the CDC ‘s Physical Activity for a Healthy Weight, 2023