6.1 – Introduction to the Male Reproductive System

Prefix

• a– (absence of, without)
• an– (absence of, without)
• crypt– (hidden)
• dys– (painful, difficult)
• en– (in)
• epi– (above)
• hyper– (above, excessive)
• hypo– (below)
• par– (near)
• trans–  (through, across, beyond)

• andr/o (male)
• balan/o (glans penis)
• epididym/o (epididymis)
• gonad/o (gonad)
• orch/o (testis, testicle)
• orchi/o (testis, testicle)
• orchid/o (testis, testicle)
• pen/o (penis)
• pen/i (penis)
• phall/o (penis)
• preputi/o (prepuce, foreskin)
• posth/o (prepuce, foreskin)
• prostat/o (prostate gland)
• scrot/o (scrotum)
• semin/i (semen)
• sperm/o (sperm, spermatozoon)
• spermat/o (sperm, spermatozoon)
• test/o (testis, testicle)
• testicul/o (testis, testicle)
• vas/o (vas deferens, vessel, duct)
• vesicul/o (seminal vesicle)
• urethr/o (urethra)

• –al (pertaining to)
• –algia (pain)
• –ar (pertaining to)
• –atic (pertaining to)
• –cision (processing of cutting)
• –ectomy (excision or surgical removal)
• –ferous (pertaining to)
• –genesis (production)
• –gram (record)
• –graphy (process of recording)
• –ia (diseased state, abnormal state, condition of, condition)
• –ic (pertaining to)
• –ile (pertaining to)
• –ism (state of, condition)
• –itis (inflammation)
• –logy (study of)
• –lysis (loosening, dissolution, separating)
• –oma (tumour, mass)
• –ous (pertaining to)
• –pathy (disease)
• –pexy (surgical fixation, suspension)
• –plasia (development, growth)
• –plasty (surgical repair)
• –rrhea (flow, discharge)
• –sis (condition, abnormal condition)
• –stomy (creation of new opening, process of new opening)
• –tion (process of)
• –tomy (cut into, incision)

1. ablation
   • a-BLĀ-shŏn (Original Term)
   • destruction of abnormal or excessive tissue by eroding, vaporizing or melting
2. acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
   • ă-KWĪRD im-yū-nō-dĕ-FISH-ĕn-sē SĬN-drōm
   • advanced, chronic immune system suppression caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
3. artificial insemination
   • art-ĭ-FISH-ăl in-sem-ĭ-NĀ-shŏn
   • the medical procedure of injecting concentrated sperm into the vagina or uterus.
4. azoospermia
   • ā-zō-ŏ-SPĔR-mē-ă
   • absence of viable sperm in the semen.
5. chlamydia
   • klă-MID-ē-ă
   • sexually transmitted disease caused by a very small parasitic bacterium (also known as the silent STD).
6. circumcision
   • sĭr-kŭm-SIZH-ŏn (Original Term)
   • surgical removal of the prepuce (foreskin)
7. coitus
   • KŌ-ĭ-tŭs (Original Term)
   • sexual intercourse
8. condom
   • KON-dŏm (Original Term)
   • sheath (cover) for penis, worn during coitus to prevent conception and spread of sexually transmitted infection
9. ejaculation
   • i-jak-yŭ-LĀ-shŏn
   • the action of ejecting semen from the body.
10. enucleation
    • ē-nū-klē-Ā-shŭn (Original Term)
    • excision of a whole organ or mass without cutting into it
11. erectile dysfunction (ED)
    • ĕ-RĔK-tīl dis-FŬNGK-shŏn
    • the inability of a male to attain or maintain an erection sufficient to perform sexual intercourse
12. genital herpes
    • JEN-ĭt-ăl HĔRP-ēz
    • a sexually transmitted disease characterized by blisters in the genital area, caused by the herpes simplex virus type 2.
13. gonorrhea
    • gon-ŏ-RĒ-ă
    • a sexually transmitted disease involving inflammatory discharge from the urethra or vagina.
14. human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
    • hu-man im-yŭ-nō-dĕ-FISH-ĕn-sē VĪ-rŭs
    • a retrovirus that attacks the T-helper cells of the immune system. If HIV is not treated, it can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)
15. human papillomavirus (HPV)
    • hu-man PAP-ĭ-LŌ-mă-VĪ-rŭs
    • a sexually transmitted disease with over 40 subtypes that cause diseases in humans ranging from common warts to cervical cancer.
16. hydrocele
    • HĪ-drŏ-sēl (Original Term)
    • fluid-filled sac around the testicle
17. hydrocelectomy
    • hī-drō-sē-LĔK-tō-mē (Original Term)
    • surgical removal of a fluid-filled sac around the testicle causing scrotal swelling (hydrocele)
18. infertility
    • in-fĕr-TIL-ĭt-ē (Original Term)
    • inability to achieve pregnancy
19. metastasis
    • mĕ-TAS-tă-sĭs
    • cancer spreading from one part of the body into another.
20. morcellation
    • mor-sĕ-LĀ-shŏn
    • cutting or grinding solid tissue into smaller pieces for removal
21. MRI ultrasound fusion biopsy
    • FŪ-zhŏn BĪ-op-sē
    • combination of magnetic resonance imaging with transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) to obtain a tissue from a prostate lesion. The combined MRI-TRUS image is used to direct the biopsy needle into the area of the prostate that looked suspicious on MRI.
22. orgasm
    • OR-gazm
    • a climax of sexual stimulation
23. phimosis
    • fī-MŌ-sĭs
    • a tightness of the prepuce (foreskin of the penis) that prevents its retraction over the glans penis. It may be congenital or the result of balanitis. Circumcision is the usual treatment.
24. priapism
    • PRĪ-ă-pizm
    • persistant, abnormal erection of the penis accompanied by pain and tenderness
25. prostate cancer
    • PROS-tāt KAN-sĕr
    • cancer of the prostate gland
26. puberty
    • PŪ-bĕrt-ē
    • the period during which adolescents develop secondary sex characteristics and become capable of reproduction.
27. robotic surgery
    • rō-BŎ- tĭk SŬRJ-ĕ-rē
    • use of small surgical instruments attached to a computer and operated by the surgeon from a console several feet from the operating table
28. sexually transmitted disease (STD)
    • SEKS-ū-ă-lē trăns-MĬT-ed diz-ĒZ
    • infection spread through sexual contact; also known as sexually transmitted infection (STI)
29. spermatocele
    • spĕr-MĂT-ō-sēl
    • distention of the epididymis containing an abnormal cyst-like collection of fluid and sperm cells
30. sterility
    • stĕ-RIL-ĭt-ē (Original Term)
    • a condition of being unable to conceive or reproduce the species
31. sterilization
    • ster-ĭ-lĭ-ZĀ-shŏn
    • procedure that prevents pregnancy, either a female’s ability to conceive or a male’s ability to induce conception
32. syphilis
    • SIF-ĭ-lĭs
    • a chronic bacterial disease spread primarily through sexual intercourse, but also congenitally by infection of a developing fetus. Rapidly spreads through the body and if left untreated becomes systemic.
33. testicular cancer
    • tĕs-TĬK-ū-lăr KAN-sĕr
    • cancer of the testicle
34. testicular torsion
    • tĕs-TĬK-ū-lăr TOR-shŏn
    • twisting of the spermatic cord causing decreased blood flow to the testis. Considered a surgical emergency and accompanied by sudden onset of severe scrotal pain.
35. transurethral
    • trans-ū-RĒ-thrăl
    • pertaining to through the urethra
36. transurethral incision of the prostate gland (TUIP)
    • surgical procedure that widens the urethra by making a few small incisions in the bladder neck and the prostate gland.
37. transurethral resection of the prostate gland (TURP)
    • surgical removal of pieces of the prostate gland tissue by using an instrument inserted through the urethra.
38. transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT)
    • treatment that eliminates excess tissue present in benign prostatic hyperplasia by using heat generated by microwave.
39. trichomoniasis
    • trĭk-ō-mō-NĪ-ă-sĭs
    • sexually transmitted disease caused by the one-cell organism Trichomonas. Chiefly affects the urinary tract, vagina, or digestive system.
40. varicocele
    • VAR-ĭō-sēl (Original Term)
    • enlarged veins of the spermatic cord, which may cause scrotal swelling