KEY CONCEPT
What are CATs
Classroom Assessment Techniques (CATs) are simple, non-graded or low-stakes activities designed to give you and your students useful feedback on the learning-teaching process as it is happening. They are great examples of formative assessment as they are intended to form and shape instructional experiences.
Examples of CATs include the following.
- The Background Knowledge Probe is a short, simple questionnaire given to students at the start of a course, or before the introduction of a new unit, lesson or topic. It is designed to uncover students’ pre-conceptions.
- The Minute Paper tests how students are gaining knowledge, or not. The instructor ends class by asking students to write a brief response to the following questions: “What was the most important thing you learned during this class?” and “What important question remains unanswered?”
- The Muddiest Point is one of the simplest CATs to help assess where students are having difficulties. The technique consists of asking students to jot down a quick response to one question: “What was the muddiest point in [the lecture, discussion, homework assignment, film, etc.]?” The term “muddiest” means “most unclear” or “most confusing.”
- The What’s the Principle? CAT is useful in courses requiring problem-solving. After students figure out what type of problem they are dealing with, they often must decide what principle(s) to apply in order to solve the problem. This CAT provides students with a few problems and asks them to state the principle that best applies to each problem.
- Defining Features Matrix: Prepare a handout with a matrix of three columns and several rows. At the top of the first two columns, list two distinct concepts that have potentially confusing similarities (e.g. hurricanes vs. tornados, Picasso vs. Matisse). In the third column, list the important characteristics of both concepts in no particular order. Give your students the handout and have them use the matrix to identify which characteristics belong to each of the two concepts. Collect their responses, and you’ll quickly find out which characteristics are giving your students the most trouble.
Why Should I Use CATs?
CATs can be used to improve the teaching and learning that occurs in a class. More frequent use of CATs can…
- Provide just-in-time feedback about the teaching-learning process
- Provide information about student learning with less work than traditional assignments (tests, papers, etc.)
- Encourage the view that teaching is an ongoing process of inquiry, experimentation, and reflection
- Help students become better monitors of their own learning
- Help students feel less anonymous, even in large courses
- Provide concrete evidence that the instructor cares about learning
How Should I Use CATs?
Results from CATs can guide teachers in fine-tuning their teaching strategies to better meet student needs. A good strategy for using CATs is the following.
- Decide what you want to assess about your students’ learning from a CAT.
- Choose a CAT that provides this feedback, is consistent with your teaching style, and can be implemented easily in your class.
- Explain the purpose of the activity to students, and then conduct it.
- After class, review the results, determine what they tell you about your students’ learning, and decide what changes to make, if any.
- Let your students know what you learned from the CAT and how you will use this information.
Where Can I Find More CATs?
Doing a simple Google search for “Classroom Assessment Techniques” will produce a range of additional resources for CATs.- Classroom Assessment Techniques (CATs) from Simon Fraser University
- 50 Classroom Assessment Techniques (CATS) by Angelo and Cross/ University of Connecticut.
- Classroom Assessment Techniques (CATs): Low-Stakes Strategies to Assess Active Learning from Columbia University Center for Teaching and Learning.
- Examples of CATs from George Washington University
- Examples of CATs from Iowa State University.
- CATs for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math from the Field-Tested Learning Assessment Guide.
- Handbook for Teaching Excellence by University of Iowa – Center for Teaching.
- Using Classroom Assessment Techniques from the Eberly Center – Carnegie Mellon University.
References
The following resource has been adapted and remixed from the following:
Vanderbilt University Center for Teaching (2020). Classroom Assessment Techniques (CATs). Retrieved [11.30.2023] from https://cft.vanderbilt.edu/guides-sub-pages/cats/. This teaching guide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Some changes in wording and resource suggestions have been made or omitted to apply to the Fanshawe College context.
Change log: This version contains stylistic, organizational and branding changes that differ from the above source. In addition, changes in wording and references to other institutions and external resources have been either updated or removed.
