Chapter 6: Growth Strategy

Innovation Strategy

Align Innovation Strategy with Corporate Strategy

Innovation strategy is about mapping an organization’s mission, vision, and value proposition for defined customer markets. It sets boundaries for innovation performance expectations by simplifying and structuring the innovation work to achieve the best possible outcome. For a business to thrive in today’s world of intensified competition it is critical that innovation initiatives are aligned with corporate strategy; initiatives must align to the company mission, business targets, and measurable KPIs. For this to happen, company executives need to take a leadership role in implementing innovation initiatives. To add value to the innovation process, leaders need to stay ahead of the curve by monitoring trends in the marketplace. For example, when other companies begin to change what they do, or government regulations change opening doors for opportunities, then a leader may need to take action in order to stay competitive.

Organizational leaders determine what direction the company will take in the competitive environment. Strategy is the method they will use to get there. In order to align innovation with strategy, leaders need to review and analyze how well the company is meeting its strategic objectives. Firstly, leaders need to attend to the current needs of the company and its present performance, optimize current business, and build within its core. This might include taking current products to new markets, adding new models to refresh existing product lines, or improving margins on best-selling products/services. Secondly, leaders need to think about the future. Thinking about the future means developing entirely new avenues for growth that are often outside the current business, building beyond its core. Activities here might include, launching products or services that are unprecedented in the company or perhaps even unprecedented in the market.^[1]

Below is a short list of how a few companies strategically innovate for growth.

1. “IKEA’s strategic innovation is focused on providing affordable and well-designed furniture and home products. By adopting a flat-pack, self-assembly model, IKEA revolutionized the furniture industry and created a unique shopping experience through its vast showroom-style stores. IKEA’s sustainable innovation initiatives, such as offering energy-efficient products and promoting recycling, further contribute to its strategic innovation efforts.”^[2]
2. Amazon continually innovates its core retail business, such as launching AmazonBasics, its privately labeled line of essential products. But, at the same time, they are also exploring well beyond their core. The Amazon Echo is a good example of this. Taking them into the consumer Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) arenas, and pretty far from their original retail business.^[3]
3. “Tesla’s strategic innovation lies in its development and commercialization of electric vehicles (EVs) that offer long-range capabilities, superior performance, and cutting-edge technology. By focusing on sustainable and disruptive innovation in the traditional automotive industry, Tesla has transformed the perception of EVs and has become a leader in the electric vehicle market.”^[4]
4. “Google’s strategic innovation is evident in its search engine technology and its continuous innovation of products and services. Google’s search algorithm revolutionized online search, providing highly relevant and accurate results. Google’s expansion into various areas such as online advertising (Google Ads), email services (Gmail), mobile operating systems (Android), and cloud computing (Google Cloud) showcases its commitment to strategic innovation.”^[5]

Play the “Innovation Strategy” YouTube video by Kuczmarski below to learn more about innovation strategy. You may be surprised to learn that many companies do not have an innovation strategy because they have not taken the time to figure out what strategic role they are trying to fill by pursuing new innovations. Learn about the four key components of an innovation strategy: 1) What is the Innovation vision? 2) What is the financial revenue gap the company is trying to fill? 3) How to screen one new idea from the next? 4)  What is the investment level the company is willing to make toward innovation? ^[6] Transcript for “Innovation Strategy” Video [PDF–New Tab]. Closed captioning is available on YouTube.

The Ansoff Matrix is a strategic planning tool that organizations use to plan and analyze strategies for growth. Each strategy for growth carries a different level of potential risk. Each strategy is determined by focusing on whether the products are new or existing and whether the market is new or existing. Each quadrant corresponds to a different product-market strategy. Refer to Figure 6.1 below for a graphical representation of the Ansoff Matrix.

When a company seeks to grow using its existing offerings in its existing markets, the company is pursuing a market penetration strategy. An example of this would be the introduction of the Kindle Fire. It was a new generation of products in a category where Amazon had already established the original Kindle line.

When a company seeks to grow using its existing offerings in a market that the company is not currently in, the company is pursuing a market development strategy. This is actually how Amazon began, by developing the market for online book sales. Others were already doing this, simply not with the scale or scope envisioned by Bezos.

When a company seeks to grow using new offerings in its existing markets, the company is pursuing a product development strategy. This is where AmazonBasics would fall.

Finally, when a company seeks to grow by presenting new offerings in a market the company is not currently in, the company is pursuing a diversification strategy. This is the highest-risk option, as it requires both product and market development.  This is where Amazon web services would be placed. Other companies were already providing these services in a variety of ways, but it was both a new market and a new service for Amazon to address.

Below are some examples from Indeed of how a company might achieve each of the four growth strategies.^[7]

1. A business may achieve market penetration by:

• Increasing their promotional efforts

• Decreasing their pricing

• Running sales and specials to get new customers

• Merging with or acquiring a competing business in the same market

• Making product improvements to appeal more to consumers

• Refining their distribution process

2. With market development, a business may:

• Establish different segments of its customer base

• Appeal to foreign markets

• Expand its customer base to include a different part of the market previously not used, such as expanding from B2C to B2B

• Partner with another company to offer an additional product or to increase distribution

• Buy the rights from a company to produce and sell their product

• Use budget dollars to research what the market needs and develop products that will fill a void in their customers’ lives

3. As part of their product development plan, a business may:

• Partner with another company to offer an additional product or to increase distribution

• Buy the rights from a company to produce and sell their product

• Use budget dollars to research what the market needs and develop products that will fill a void in their customers’ lives

4. There are two types of diversification:

• Related diversification: Related diversification is when a company’s new offerings complement the products they already produce or at least exist in the same sphere. For example, a company that builds computers may then make a device that hides computer cords from sight.

• Unrelated diversification: Unrelated diversification is when a company’s new offerings are outside of its known capabilities. For example, if a company has been making notepads and pens for 10 years but then decides to delve into producing reusable water bottles.

The pace and impacts of technology have grown tremendously since the Ansoff Matrix was first devised so an expanded matrix was created. The expanded Ansoff matrix delineates new growth strategies beyond market development to market innovation and beyond product development to product innovation. It also gives us advanced diversification, where we are combining both development and innovation, and outright industry disruption where we are innovating deeply on both market and offering. Amazon’s original launch of the Kindle ebook and store qualifies as an industry disruption. Whereas, subsequent incremental Kindle launches do not. The Echo represents product innovation in a market that is new to Amazon, so it would land in advanced diversification.^[8]

Consider Various Types of Innovation

There are many reasons companies innovate, some of which include reducing costs, increasing profits, staying ahead of the competition, attracting talent, creating a leadership image, attracting investors/funding, and more. Innovation is all about coming up with new things that create value for your customers, and the organization. There are many degrees and types of innovation, although when we hear about a company innovating we often hear about new products, services, or processes. The real problem with innovation is that people think too incrementally and often too exclusively about products and services and do not consider the many targets for innovation that are all around us. Pursuing various degrees and types of innovation will help an organization maintain a balanced innovation portfolio and remain competitive in the market.

Companies can use the Ten Types of Innovation® Framework to help their innovation efforts in many ways. It can be a diagnostic tool to assess how the business is approaching innovation internally, it can help the company analyze the competitive environment, and it can reveal gaps and potential opportunities for doing something different and upending in the market.^[9] Ten Types of Innovation® Framework captures the entire innovation ecosystem, from essential organizational structures and processes to critical aspects of the product or service being introduced.

Ten Types of Innovation® analyzes 10 key areas to consider when you are innovating:

1. Profit Model
2. Network
3. Structure
4. Process
5. Product Performance
6. Product System
7. Service
8. Channel
9. Brand
10. Customer Engagement

Play this 3-minute video by MindTools explaining the Ten Types of Innovation® Framework.^[10] Transcript for “Doblin’s 10 Types of Innovation® Video [PDF–New Tab]. Closed captioning is available on YouTube.

Avoid Breakdowns Between Corporate Strategy and Innovation

Why does the alignment between corporate strategy and innovation break down?

Below are five reasons misalignment might occur.

1. Exploring solutions for the wrong reasons – Such as innovation not being aligned with corporate strategy.
2. Changes in leadership – This may bring changes in goals.
3. Poor communication of corporate vision and strategy – “Strategic clarity accounts for 31% of the difference between high and low performing organizations in terms of revenue growth, profitability, customer satisfaction, and employee engagement.”^[11]
4. Poor communication of innovation strategy – Goals, outcomes, and expectations with regard to innovation are not clear. 70% of employees don’t even know or understand corporate vision, and feel so disconnected from it that they can’t explain how it relates to their job.^[12]
5. Context – Dissolving projects prematurely because they may not appear, at first, to fit with business goals and strategy.

How can companies avoid these breakdowns?

In order to ensure that strategic alignment is occurring across all innovation projects, organizations must continually work to do the following:^[13]

• Understand Customer Pains – Pursuing solutions based on new technologies or deciding to discontinue a product are decisions that need to be made based on customer evidence. Relentlessly seeking to understand the customer will help innovation teams better align innovation strategy with corporate strategy in the long run.
• Create a Feedback Loop – The corporate strategy should inform the innovation strategy and vice versa. Keeping these two engines running simultaneously and continuously feeding both sides with key learnings will ensure that they are working in harmony.
• Communicate Vision and Strategy Clearly – It is important for management to ensure everyone is on the same page with regard to company vision and strategy by taking as much time as needed to explain these concepts. Leaders should connect regularly with team members to make sure everyone is still aligned and focused on big-picture goals.
• Consider the Context –  Not all innovation projects that are misaligned today will be misaligned in the future. There are times when innovation projects should be left alone and given time to develop. Ending projects too early can lead an organization away from true innovation and keep it from producing high-impact projects that help the company reach its goals.

Innovation Process

The Innovation Process is the translation of an idea into goods or services that create value. The method chosen to do this should be systematic, predictable, and measurable. The number of steps in the process varies depending on who you ask. It may involve three steps: discovery, development, and commercialization, or it may be divided into five steps: idea generation and mobilization, advocacy and screening, experimentation, commercialization, and diffusion and implementation. The Design Thinking Methodology is a mindset and approach to problem-solving and innovation anchored around human-centered design, and has five stages: Empathize, Define, Ideate, Prototype, and Test. The chapter entitled, “Design Thinking” explains the Design Thinking Methodology in more detail.

Regardless of which innovation process a company adopts, most innovation processes follow a similar pattern which begins with market, consumer, competitor, and company research and analysis. Then the company determines which opportunities are best aligned with corporate strategy and selects one or more to pursue. Finally, the innovations are designed, tested, and launched. 

Every organization is nothing more than a series of processes. How a product is designed, is a process. How it’s manufactured is another process. How it’s shipped around the world, is yet another process. If a company can make its processes work faster, cost less, and/or result in a higher quality product/service most likely that company will see higher profits and increasingly happy customers.

According to Kuczmarski Innovation, a premier innovation consulting firm that works with clients across the world to help them develop and exceed their innovation goals, the following five steps comprise the innovation process.^[14]

1. Conduct Market Research
2. Generate Ideas for Solutions
3. Business Case Development (figure out how to monetize the innovation and prototype)
4. Scale-up (take the idea and get it ready for launch)
5. Launch (into the marketplace)

Play the “Innovation Process” YouTube video by Kuczmarski below to learn more about how the innovation process should be systematic and predictable.^[15] Transcript for “Innovation Process” Video [PDF–New Tab]. Closed captioning is available on YouTube.

Spot Opportunities for Innovation

To identify opportunities for innovation, managers and employees first need to understand the company and how it works.  Whether you are the CEO or an employee working the front line (directly with customers/clients), you can spot opportunities for improvement by learning about the company’s problems and goals. This may mean reviewing company policies and values/mission/vision, talking with other department managers and employees, gathering customer feedback as well as spotting trends in customer complaints.  Ask yourself if there are processes that take a long time, and if so, could they be automated for improvement? Are employees or customers complaining about specific systems, communication, or processes, and do these need to be given more thought in how they could be made more efficient and/or effective? Also, consider what works well and can be replicated in other areas. It is important to understand who the company’s target customers are and always be thinking about how the company can better help them. Focus groups, mystery shoppers, buyer personas, and observing the customer journey from the pre-sale stage to the sale stage and into the after-sale stage can help companies better understand customer needs and wants.  Identify what is working well and what is not working well, and consider how things might be improved.

A great way to look for opportunities is by conducting an environment scan of the business and industry environment. Using research and analysis tools such as a SWOT analysis, Competitor Analysis, PESTLE analysis, Porter’s Five Forces competitive landscape analysis, Ansoff’s Matrix for strategic planning, Innovation Matrix for innovation planning, and more, leaders can look for opportunities, identify external threats, identify company strengths and weaknesses, then make informed decisions about where to, and how to, innovate. The chapter entitled, “Innovation Risks” explains a few of these analysis tools in more detail.

Many companies come up with great ideas simply by taking ideas from one aspect of the business and applying it to another.  Often creativity is simply a mix of disciplines. Companies create cross-departmental teams, teams that mix employees with customers or partners, and teams that include experts in the field or various fields in order to get a wide variety of ideas from various stakeholder perspectives.

These seven sources of innovative opportunity were listed by Peter Drucker in his book “Innovation and Entrepreneurship. If you are unaware, Peter Drucker is considered one of the truly great management consultants. He wrote 39 books and is considered a seminal thinker in the field of management.^[16]

Unexpected Success and Failures

The marketplace is the number one area to look for opportunities. A good manager should be studying the market, observing consumer and competitor trends, and looking for innovation successes or failures that maybe were not expected to occur. They should consider if a particular product or service is in greater or lesser demand than anticipated, and if so what is the reason. For example: If a competitor is having unexpected success in a particular market segment, management must find out why this is happening. They must ask themselves what it would mean to their company if they exploited the same opportunity. They must consider what has to happen to convert this opportunity into a success.

Incongruity Between What Is and What Should Be

One of the best places to look for incongruity is through the customers’ voices. Their complaints and unmet wants are all the hints a company needs to determine if there is a discrepancy between what is and what should be. Identifying incongruity is key to developing wildly successful businesses, but it’s tricky. Facebook is a company that got it right. Prior to the social network’s prolific rise, Myspace was the dominant player, but it had its downfalls. Facebook wisely noted what Myspace was versus what it should be and then built a better platform. The end result is that many people don’t even remember Myspace, but most of the world knows and uses Facebook.

Process Need

Process need involves identifying the company’s process weak spots and correcting or redesigning them. This source of innovation comes from the company’s existing capabilities and ways of doing business. An example might be a restaurant that identifies that people wait too long for their entrees and so decides to hire another chef to speed up creation times. Essentially, a company will want to look for all weak links and eliminate them.

Industry and Market Structure Change

The industry and the market are in continual flux. Regulations change and some product lines expand while others shrink, firms should be regularly monitoring these changes. For example, when the government changes regulations to open a previously regulated industry, there is historical precedence for companies that enter early to be very successful. Other things to monitor are the convergence of multiple technologies and organizational structural problems that occur from time to time (often immediately following an industry boom).

Demographics

We continually see changes occur in populations, income levels, human capital (education), and age ranges. Smart firms are constantly paying attention to this. When it comes to the baby boomers, businesses have been following them as they got older. At present, they are one of the largest as well as the most affluent demographic groups, with high levels of disposable income. Combining demographic data with segmentation and targeting is a powerful method of accurately meeting a target market’s desires.

Changes in Perception, Meaning, and Mood

Over time populations and people change. The way they view life changes, where they take their meaning from, and how they feel about things change over time and smart companies must pay attention to this in order to capitalize (and avoid becoming forgotten, a relic of ages past). For example, a principle called “down aging” refers to people who look at 50 as being the new 40. Industries have responded to this, most notably in the cosmetic and personal care industry which provides plenty of solutions to help these people look younger. Full industries are creeping up that make people feel younger. Have you spotted any lately?

New Knowledge

As the speed of the technological revolution increases, there will be an ever-increasing number of opportunities that open up. The internet has been the most notable one in the last couple of decades but there have been a plethora of other industries and opportunities that have popped up as a result of this technological revolution. New knowledge is about more than just technology though, it’s about finding better ways of doing things and improving processes. Companies should look to this new knowledge for ways to make incremental improvements. Intel does this continuously, and it’s a major part of why the company is the leading processor manufacturer today. By paying attention to the latest in academic research and investing heavily in its own R&D, the company has managed to find continual sources of innovation.

Evaluate, Design, and Test the Innovation

After researching the market, analyzing company strengths and weaknesses, and identifying a few opportunities for innovation, the company must focus on a few ideas that best align with company goals, strategies, and resources, and support a balanced innovation portfolio. Once ideas have been evaluated, each feasible idea should be reviewed for ways to reduce risks. Develop a rough strategy. What needs to happen before the next thing can happen? Which paths are not obvious? Are there skills or resources the team already possesses that can help execute the innovation vision? Consider who can help the team put ideas into action. Do experts need to be included? Trouble-shoot with the team.

If the idea is for a new product, for example, the company will create a prototype and run a pilot (test-run) implementation to show others that implementing this innovation is possible. Try it on a small scale first to see how it works. Gather input from others and make adjustments as needed. Refine and get the details right.  Bring in others to help finalize the innovative concept and put it into action. Partners should contribute in ways the team cannot.

Launch the Innovation

References

(Note: This list of sources used is NOT in APA citation style instead the auto-footnote and media citation features of Pressbooks were utilized to cite references throughout the chapter and generate a list at the end of the chapter.)