C: ADUSO

You already know that in German, verbs are normally in the second position, hence the V2 rule. 

Thus, both sentences below are possible in German: 

• Ich heiße Nico. =  I am called Nico.
• Nico heiße ich. = Nico am called I.

You also know that certain words, such as dass or weil connect sentences together, but they ‘kick’ the verb to the end. We call these words ‘verb-kickers’:

• Er heißt Dino. = He is called Dino. (‘heißt’ is in position 2)
• Ich weiß, dass er Dino heißt. = I know that he is called Dino. (‘heißt’  is at the end)

There are also five words that act as glue between sentences or their parts. They don’t affect or kick anything, they simply help two sentences or their parts stick together:

• aber – but
• denn – because
• und – and
• sondern – but instead/rather
• oder – or

To remember them, you need to remember the keyword ADUSO, which is a non-word made up by the first letter in each of these five conjunctions.