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Appendix A: The Periodic Table

graphical periodic table of the elements.
Graphical version of the periodic table of the elements. The 18 columns are labeled “Group” and the 7 rows are labeled “Period.” Below the table to the right is a box labeled “Color Code” with different colors for metals, metalloids, and nonmetals, as well as solids, liquids, and gases. To the left of this box is an enlarged picture of the upper-left most box on the table. The number 1 is in its upper-left hand corner and is labeled “Atomic number.” The letter “H” is in the middle in red indicating that it is a gas. It is labeled “Symbol.” Below that is the number 1.008 which is labeled “Atomic Mass.” Below that is the word hydrogen which is labeled “name.” The color of the box indicates that it is a nonmetal. Each element will be described in this order: atomic number; name; symbol; whether it is a metal, metalloid, or nonmetal; whether it is a solid, liquid, or gas; and atomic mass.

Below, please find the periodic table of the elements in table/text format.

Periodic Table of Elements in Tabular Format
Period (Row) Group (Column) Atomic Number Symbol Name Atomic Mass State of Matter at Room Temperature Type of Element Family Common Ion Valence Electrons Outer Shell Electron Configuration Electronegativity Values
1 1 1 H Hydrogen 1.008 gas nonmetal – H+ 1 1s1 2.1
1 18 2 He Helium 4.003 gas nonmetal Noble gas no ion 2 1s2 –
2 1 3 Li Lithium 6.94 solid metal Alkali metal Li+ 1 2s1 1.0
2 2 4 Be Beryllium 9.01 solid metal Alkaline earth metal Be2+ 2 2s2 1.5
2 13 5 B Boron 10.81 solid metalloid – 3 2s22p1 2.0
2 14 6 C Carbon 12.01 solid nonmetal – C4- 4 2s22p2 2.5
2 15 7 N Nitrogen 14.01 gas nonmetal Pnictogen N3- 5 2s22p3 3.0
2 16 8 O Oxygen 16.00 gas nonmetal Chalcogen O2- 6 2s22p4 3.5
2 17 9 F Fluorine 19.00 gas nonmetal Halogen F– 7 2s22p5 4.0
2 18 10 Ne Neon 20.18 gas nonmetal Noble gas no ion 8 2s22p6 –
3 1 11 Na Sodium 22.99 solid metal Alkali metal Na+ 1  3s1 0.9
3 2 12 Mg Magnesium 24.30 solid metal Alkaline earth metal Mg2+ 2 3s2 1.2
3 13 13 Al Aluminum 26.98 solid metal – Al3+ 3 3s23p1 1.5
3 14 14 Si Silicon 28.08 solid metalloid – 4 3s23p2 1.8
3 15 15 P Phosphorus 30.97 solid nonmetal Pnictogen P3- 5 3s23p3 2.1
3 16 16 S Sulfur 32.06 solid nonmetal Chalcogen S2- 6 3s23p4 2.5
3 17 17 Cl Chlorine 35.45 gas nonmetal Halogen Cl– 7 3s23p5 3.0
3 18 18 Ar Argon 39.79 gas nonmetal Noble gas no ion 8 3s23p6 –
4 1 19 K Potassium 39.10 solid metal Alkali metal K+ 1  4s1 0.8
4 2 20 Ca Calcium 40.08 solid metal Alkaline earth metal Ca2+ 2 4s2 1.0
4 3 21 Sc Scandium 44.96 solid metal Transition metal 4s23d1 1.3
4 4 22 Ti Titanium 47.87 solid metal Transition metal 4s23d2 1.5
4 5 23 V Vanadium 50.94 solid metal Transition metal 4s23d3 1.6
4 6 24 Cr Chromium 52.00 solid metal Transition metal Cr3+ Cr6+ 4s13d5 1.6
4 7 25 Mn Manganese 54.94 solid metal Transition metal Mn2+ 4s23d5 1.5
4 8 26 Fe Iron 55.85 solid metal Transition metal Fe2+ Fe3+ 4s23d6 1.8
4 9 27 Co Cobalt 58.93 solid metal Transition metal Co2+ 4s23d7 1.9
4 10 28 Ni Nickel 58.69 solid metal Transition metal Ni2+ 4s23d8 1.9
4 11 29 Cu Copper 63.55 solid metal Transition metal Cu+ Cu2+ 4s13d10 1.9
4 12 30 Zn Zinc 65.38 solid metal Transition metal Zn2+ 4s23d10 1.6
4 13 31 Ga Gallium 69.72 solid metal – 4s23d104p1 1.6
4 14 32 Ge Germanium 72.63 solid metalloid – 4s23d104p2 1.8
4 15 33 As Arsenic 74.92 solid metalloid Pnictogen As3- 4s23d104p3 2.0
4 16 34 Se Selenium 78.97 solid nonmetal Chalcogen Se2- 4s23d104p4 2.4
4 17 35 Br Bromine 79.90 liquid nonmetal Halogen Br– 4s23d104p5 2.8
4 18 36 Kr Krypton 83.80 gas nonmetal Noble gas no ion 4s23d104p6 –
5 1 37 Rb Rubidium 85.47 solid metal Alkali metal Rb+  5s1 0.8
5 2 38 Sr Strontium 87.62 solid metal Alkaline earth metal Sr2+ 5s2 1.0
5 3 39 Y Yttrium 88.91 solid metal Transition metal 5s24d1 1.2
5 4 40 Zr Zirconium 91.22 solid metal Transition metal 5s24d2 1.4
5 5 41 Nb Niobium 92.91 solid metal Transition metal 5s14d4 1.6
5 6 42 Mo Molybdenum 95.95 solid metal Transition metal 5s14d5 1.8
5 7 43 Tc Technetium 98.91 solid metal Transition metal 5s14d6 1.9
5 8 44 Ru Ruthenium 101.1 solid metal Transition metal 5s14d7 2.2
5 9 45 Rh Rhodium 102.9 solid metal Transition metal 5s14d8 2.2
5 10 46 Pd Palladium 106.4 solid metal Transition metal Ag+ 4d10 2.2
5 11 47 Ag Silver 107.9 solid metal Transition metal Cd2+ 5s14d10 1.9
5 12 48 Cd Cadmium 112.4 solid metal Transition metal 5s24d10 1.7
5 13 49 In Indium 114.8 solid metal – 5s24d105p1 1.7
5 14 50 Sn Tin 118.7 solid metal – 5s24d105p2 1.8
5 15 51 Sb Antimony 121.8 solid metalloid Pnictogen 5s24d105p3 1.9
5 16 52 Te Tellurium 127.6 solid metalloid Chalcogen Te2- 5s24d105p4 2.1
5 17 53 I Iodine 126.9 solid nonmetal Halogen I– 5s24d105p5 2.5
5 18 54 Xe Xenon 131.3 gas nonmetal Noble gas no ion 5s24d105p6 –
6 1 55 Cs Cesium 132.9 solid metal Alkali metal Cs+ 6s1 0.7
6 2 56 Ba Barium 137.3 solid metal Alkaline earth metal Ba2+ 6s2 0.9
6 3 57 La Lanthanum 138.9 solid metal Lanthanide 6s25d1 1.0-1.2
6 n/a 58 Ce Cerium 140.1 solid metal Lanthanide 6s24f2 1.0-1.2
6 n/a 59 Pr Praseodymium 140.9 solid metal Lanthanide 6s24f3 1.0-1.2
6 n/a 60 Nd Neodymium 144.2 solid metal Lanthanide 6s24f4 1.0-1.2
6 n/a 61 Pm Promethium 145.0 solid metal Lanthanide 6s24f5 1.0-1.2
6 n/a 62 Sm Samarium 150.4 solid metal Lanthanide 6s24f6 1.0-1.2
6 n/a 63 Eu Europium 152.0 solid metal Lanthanide 6s24f7 1.0-1.2
6 n/a 64 Gd Gadolinium 157.3 solid metal Lanthanide 6s24f75d1 1.0-1.2
6 n/a 65 Tb Terbium 158.9 solid metal Lanthanide 6s24f9 1.0-1.2
6 n/a 66 Dy Dysprosium 162.5 solid metal Lanthanide 6s24f10 1.0-1.2
6 n/a 67 Ho Holmium 164.9 solid metal Lanthanide 6s24f11 1.0-1.2
6 n/a 68 Er Erbium 167.3 solid metal Lanthanide 6s24f12 1.0-1.2
6 n/a 69 Tm Thulium 168.9 solid metal Lanthanide 6s24f13 1.0-1.2
6 n/a 70 Yb Ytterbium 173.0 solid metal Lanthanide 6s24f14 1.0-1.2
6 n/a 71 Lu Lutetium 175.0 solid metal Lanthanide 6s24f145d1 1.0-1.2
6 4 72 Hf Hafnium 178.5 solid metal Transition metal 6s24f145d2 1.3
6 5 73 Ta Tantalum 180.9 solid metal Transition metal 6s24f145d3 1.5
6 6 74 W Tungsten 183.8 solid metal Transition metal 6s24f145d4 1.7
6 7 75 Re Rhenium 186.2 solid metal Transition metal 6s24f145d5 1.9
6 8 76 Os Osmium 190.2 solid metal Transition metal 6s24f145d6 2.2
6 9 77 Ir Iridium 192.2 solid metal Transition metal 6s24f145d7 2.2
6 10 78 Pt Platinum 195.1 solid metal Transition metal Pt2+ 6s14f145d9 2.2
6 11 79 Au Gold 197.0 solid metal Transition metal Au+ Au3+ 6s14f145d10 2.4
6 12 80 Hg Mercury 200.6 liquid metal Transition metal Hg22+ Hg2+ 6s24f145d10 1.9
6 13 81 Tl Thallium 204.4 solid metal – 6s24f145d106p1 1.8
6 14 82 Pb Lead 207.2 solid metal – 6s24f145d106p2 1.9
6 15 83 Bi Bismuth 209.0 solid metal Pnictogen 6s24f145d106p3 1.9
6 16 84 Po Polonium 209 solid metal Chalcogen 6s24f145d106p4 2.0
6 17 85 At Astatine 210 solid metalloid Halogen At– 6s24f145d106p5 2.2
6 18 86 Rn Radon 222 gas nonmetal Noble gas no ion 6s24f145d106p6 –
7 1 87 Fr Francium 223 solid metal Alkali metal Fr+  7s1 0.7
7 2 88 Ra Radium 226 solid metal Alkaline earth metal Ra2+ 7s2 0.9
7 3 89 Ac Actinium 227 solid metal Actinide 7s26d1 1.1
7 n/a 90 Th Thorium 232 solid metal Actinide 7s26d2 1.3
7 n/a 91 Pa Protactinium 231 solid metal Actinide 7s25f26d1 1.4
7 n/a 92 U Uranium 238 solid metal Actinide 7s25f36d1 1.4
7 n/a 93 Np Neptunium 237 solid metal Actinide 7s25f46d1 1.4-1.3
7 n/a 94 Pu Plutonium 244 solid metal Actinide 7s25f6 1.4-1.3
7 n/a 95 Am Americium 243 solid metal Actinide 7s25f7 1.4-1.3
7 n/a 96 Cm Curium 247 solid metal Actinide 7s25f76d1 1.4-1.3
7 n/a 97 Bk Berkelium 247 solid metal Actinide 7s25f86d1 1.4-1.3
7 n/a 98 Cf Californium 251 solid metal Actinide 7s25f10 1.4-1.3
7 n/a 99 Es Einsteinium 252 solid metal Actinide 7s25f11 1.4-1.3
7 n/a 100 Fm Fermium 257 solid metal Actinide 7s25f12 1.4-1.3
7 n/a 101 Md Mendelevium 258 solid metal Actinide 7s25f13 1.4-1.3
7 n/a 102 No Nobelium 259 solid metal Actinide 7s25f14 1.4-1.3
7 n/a 103 Lr Lawrencium 262 solid metal Actinide 7s25f146d1 –
7 4 104 Rf Rutherfordium 261 solid metal Transition metal 7s25f146d2 –
7 5 105 Db Dubnium 268 solid metal Transition metal 7s25f146d3 –
7 6 106 Sg Seaborgium 269 solid metal Transition metal 7s25f146d4 –
7 7 107 Bh Bohrium 270 solid metal Transition metal 7s25f146d5 –
7 8 108 Hs Hassium 269 solid metal Transition metal 7s25f146d6 –
7 9 109 Mt Meitnerium 277 unknown unknown Transition metal 7s25f146d7 –
7 10 110 Ds Darmstadtium 281 unknown unknown Transition metal 7s25f146d8 –
7 11 111 Rg Roentgenium 281 unknown unknown Transition metal 7s25f146d9 –
7 12 112 Cn Copernicium 285 solid metal Transition metal 7s25f146d10 –
7 13 113 Nh Nihonium 286 unknown unknown – –
7 14 114 Fl Flerovium 289 solid metal – –
7 15 115 Mc Moscovium 288 unknown unknown Pnictogen –
7 16 116 Lv Livermorium 293 unknown unknown Chalcogen –
7 17 117 Ts Tennessine 294 unknown unknown Halogen –
7 18 118 Og Oganesson 294 unknown unknown – –

Links & Resources

Watch The Periodic Table: Crash Course Chemistry #4 (11:21 min)

Video source: CrashCourse. (2013, March 4). The Periodic Table: Crash Course Chemistry #4 [Video]. YouTube.

Watch The Periodic Table Explained (3:06 min)

Video source: Lincoln Learning Solutions. (2017, July 27). The Periodic Table explained [Video]. YouTube.

For suggestions on accessible periodic tables for those with low/no vision, visit:

Low vision and braille versions of the periodic table are available.

Attribution & References

Except where otherwise noted, this page is adapted by Samantha Sullivan Sauer from “Appendix A: The Periodic Table” In Chemistry (Open Stax) by Paul Flowers, Klaus Theopold, Richard Langley & William R. Robinson and is licensed under CC BY 4.0. ​Access for free at Chemistry (OpenStax)​ AND

References

Injosoft. (2023). List of chemical elements – periodic table. Periodic Table of the Elements.

Periodic Table of the elements. (2023). www.periodictable.one.

License

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Chemistry v. 1 backup Copyright © 2023 by Gregory Anderson; Caryn Fahey; Jackie MacDonald; Adrienne Richards; Samantha Sullivan Sauer; J.R. van Haarlem; and David Wegman is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.

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