20 The Third Device (Fire and Sacrifice): 97-141
The Third Device
Location: Pylos
[Let us set the scene]
He arrived at his destination
just as his partner-in-crime
had left her place in the heavens:
Nyx —
the sinister incarnation of Night
[mother of monsters upon the earth.]
Or, rather,
he arrived as Night was still departing
not long before dawn
— the hour for honest work.
His other lookout and accomplice
had started her exit as well,
Pale Selene —
the light of the divine Moon
daughter of the wan Titan Pallas
Spear-Shaker-who-challenged-Zeus ,
who was heir to Megamedes,
the-pillar-who-holds-the-sky. 100
It was on the threshold of a new day
[But, for the moment, the gray light of pale Selene still shone.]
Suddenly,
Across the famous Alpheius river,
came the echoes of mighty stomping steps.
It was that strongest son of Zeus!
[out on a great labour]
…
[No, not Herakles….
The other strongest son.
Fine. I’ll give you a hint –]
Phoebus…
Apollo…
…’s cattle with their sharp horns
were being driven by this strongest son:
Hermes!
In perfect coordination,
with steps in unison
–though neither cattle or driver had any training–
the cattle stepped
towards his cave and hideout —
Transformed.
now more aptly called by the traditional title:
a “solidly-roofed-stable.”
up to
its stone water troughs and
lush meadows.
Hermes let the mooing cows graze on the fodder there 105
before driving them into the enclosure,
–gathered tightly together–
watching until they had all crossed the
threshold.
They
–-unsuspecting–
continued snacking
on clover-lotus and cypress,
still wet with morning dew
While he
gathered branches together into a tight pile and
reached deep into his mind
for his third device.
Fire and Cattle Sacrifice
The Invention of the Fire Stick
First…
He lifted a branch
of Apollo’s laurel,
stripping it of bark.
Laying it flat
on the ground,
he took into his hand
his ominous grey iron
and
he whittled it
until the branch was smooth between his tiny palms.
Palms which rubbed together,
spinning the branch,
drilling down against the wood until
–a breath
of hot smoke–
sprang out. 110
So you see,
Hermes was the first of all
–(despite what anyone else says)–
to give humankind easy access to fire
through the invention of fire-sticks.
But even an invention of such greatness
was only the first part of the plan.
The Preparation
He placed the spark into
the deep, dark, ditch
filled up with many
stacked, stripped, sticks.
Suddenly:
a blossom of light
fanning out far
from a fierce flame of fire
as it flashed into full force.
[This, in the same way that
we now build sacrificial pits
for the gods below and above
and the spirits of heroes.]
But when his fire,
–for which Hephaestus somehow gets the credit–
blazed at full strength[1] 115
it was time.
By his power alone
(without the usual festival crew of
sacrificial attendants, butchers, and cattle drivers)
Hermes himself
had to heave the
horned cattle out of their
hidden hole.
Once he had chosen two cows
for the sacrifice.
Behold his power and strength
though he was just a baby in form:
[Despite their weight and resistance]
he wrestled both cows — massive in comparison to him.
Easily
throwing them
onto the ground.
— backs hitting hard earth–
— one final gasp of breath –
— heads roughly pulled back
— necks exposed
He pierced them dead
straight through to their core.
[All the way to the spine.]
[In a single blow]
[And thus, he accomplished the second and third labour:
“stealing the herd of a fierce lord and
herding and slaying the monstrous horned cattle”]
The Sacrifice
But Hermes’ plan was not yet done
and he proved to be an industrious labourer
“Resting from his labour by labouring”
as the saying goes. 120
[Which would one day earn him the title
industrious-labourer (appropriately!)]
Without stopping for a break,
he started hacking away hunks of juicy steak
—dripping-with-fat-–
He then speared and roasted the butchered meat in the fire
using leftover branches as wooden spits
–another improvisation;
iron spits were unavailable–
But curiously he chose to barbeque
every portion,
not just the steak and flank-cuts
–as is customary.
No. Even the black blood
was stuffed into blood-sausages and cooked
–though tradition demands
the blood be spilled into the pit.
When everything was cooked,
he spread the portions out,
to be divided for the sacrificial feast.
The first division (skins):
The skins
–which have many functions:
tokens of honour in the sacrifice,
[payments to the priest], and
trophies of a young man’s successful cattle raid–
he claimed these for himself
–priest, bold cattle-raider, and god all in one–
Stretching them out on a nearby wide boulder
he displayed them proudly, openly:
marks of his accomplishment and ambition.
I have seen them there —
for they remain even now
though so many years have passed since 125
that no one could possibly count their number.
The second division (sacred portion):
Hermes,
with-a-cryptic-smile-on-his-face,
the full meaning of his plan difficult to fathom
then took into his hand
some of the fatty rewards of his deeds.
This was the sacred portion. For the gods
But to what god would he dedicate this sacrifice?
On the spot,
he invented a new ritual:
The “banquet of the gods”,
a special sacrifice to all the highest gods
where they were invited to eat alongside humans.
[Though it is traditional to us,
it was invented by him].
The banquet of the gods:
Using a flat stone as an improvised ritual dining table,
he divided the large slab of meat
into twelve portions,
for twelve invited guests
–the twelve great gods–
(including himself in their number)
he distributed the servings randomly,
to each position at the table, by lot.
This demonstrated that the status of
each seat and
each guest
was equal.
[No one merited a preferential share.]
Then, he topped each portion with a selection
of the choicest, sacred cuts — the divine share —
the cuts which lacked any flaws.
This demonstrated that the dinner
was meant to be attended
only by the twelve highest of the high gods
(including himself in their number)
[sitting at the head of the human participants.]
The third division (the portion of humankind):
But the largest share of the meat still remained–
[this was the portion which had been given
by divine law
when Prometheus tricked Zeus
to humans]
But Hermes also desired this portion. 130
Even though he was immortal,
the smell
as it cooked
tormented him.
In the end,
he couldn’t help himself
it was delicious…
to smell.
But only to smell.
The spirit of great ambition in his heart
ultimately restrained him,
stopping him.
Though he greatly wanted
to break the taboo:
place meat in his mouth,
and
taste flesh.
[Having resisted the temptation though,
his plan changed… and quickly]
Since he had already taken both
fat and meat
into his high-roofed mansion,
(aka. his cave-hideout)
He had to gather it all back up
and carry it outside.
His sudden realization: 135
If he was not going to eat this,
it could be used in a trial
as evidence of his recent theft
[and, since he had originally intended to consume it
it would be used as a sign of his impiety
and question his status.]
So, he placed more kindling in the pit and
he condemned everything
—from hoof to head-–
tossing it all into
the fire’s heat and
total destruction.
[Cleverly destroying the evidence
and making a dire holocaust sacrifice,
–to the gods above and below–
simultaneously!]
Once he had finished with this
— though this is ritual for us,
he had invented it all on the spot —
The little-divinity,
not yet of the highest gods
negotiator-of-the-spaces-between-god-and-mortal,[2]
ditched his sandals,
throwing them into the deep waters of the Alpheus river.
Poured water on the incriminating embers
of his sacrificial fire, and then
scattered the black ash in the wind. 140
All of this…
All of these deeds,
from birth to theft to sacrifice
he finished in a single day
accomplishing it all before the end of night.
And all the while,
the pale light of Selene still shined
on the threshold of a new day.
[1] The Greek expression for the animating force of a fire (or for a fire at maximum heat) is ‘the strength/force of Hephaestus’. Here, the hymn is making a pun because Hermes invented the fire — or at least, this sort of fire. My translation changes the expression somewhat though for clarity, so the skepticism is on the fire itself rather than the ‘force’ (as it is in Greek)
[2] He is technically called a ‘daimon’ here – while it is generally true that Homer uses the word daimon interchangeably with that of divinity, it is interesting, given the context, that Plato has Diotima say that the daimones exist “between the mortal and the gods” (Sym. 202d). I have chosen to pic