5 The Birth of Apollo (91-146)
But…
Leto
remained in agony, wracked with labour pains
–for nine days and nine nights, without rest–
At her side, assisting the delivery, were all the high goddesses
those counted as the most ancient, revered nobility
even amongst the other high gods:[1]
Dione
[– equal consort of Dios Zeus,[2] mother of Aphrodite[3]–],
Rhea
[– prophetess, great mother of the Olympian gods–]
Amphitrite
–[Primordial Ocean Queen,] who is the-roar-of-the-waves, equal to Poseidon–
Themis
–from-ancient-Ichanae, avenger-of-injustice[4]
[consort of Zeus, mother of justice and all good things for humankind–] 95
and all the other highest goddesses…
except two
Hera,
queen with-the-white-arms-of-a-dutiful-wife-inside-the-home.
She still sat inside the home of Zeus-who-shepherds-concealing-clouds
reclining leisurely, her actions obscured behind the clouds.
One other sat alongside her
her knowledge of the world below concealed by the same golden clouds.
She remained at rest in the palace on Mount Olympus:
She-who-brings-the-groans-of-childbirth
Eileithyia.
Concerning Leto’s laboured childbirth,
she was the only goddess who had not been informed.
[For the following reason:]
Hera with-the-white-arms-of-a-dutiful-wife-inside-the-home
had schemed to keep Eileithyia ignorant and inside her home
in an attempt to preserve her own status [as wife];
because, if she failed
a child of the highest rank and power 100
would soon provide greater glory to her rival,
Leto — with-hair-which-effortlessly-seduced.
The assembled goddesses sent Iris from
Rocky and Barren Delos bustling-and-busy (Transformed!),
to persuade Eileithyia to come in exchange for a truly impressive necklace:
golden-threaded, fifteen-feet long.
But they urged Iris to make sure that Eileithyia was alone before speaking,
since their offer was discordant both
to the plans and
to the very essence of Eileithyia’s mother:
Hera with-the-white-arms-of-a-dutiful-wife-inside-the-home. 105
They feared that if Hera learned of their plan,
she would not hesitate to order Eileithyia to turn back.
Iris
as-swift-as-wind,
obeyed.
Her flight began,
in a blink
the space between
was past.
She arrived on high Olympus,
at the palace of the gods.
Not daring even to enter the doorway of the home,
–Hera’s domain and place of power–
she gestured for Eileithyia to come outside the great hall and 110
whispered her request
— winged words which flew straight to the heart—
She was a skilled and true messenger;
each word was delivered exactly as the Olympian goddesses had intended.
And what she said
— piercing the chest, harmonizing with the very essence inside—
was persuasive.
They departed
hastily,
as doves
startled into flight,
to Delos.
As soon as her feet touched the ground:
Eileithyia
who-brings-the-groans-of-childbirth– 115
the final groaning labor of childbirth began for Leto.
The Birth of Apollo
The moment of delivery came:
Her
arms gripped tight, wrapped around a palm tree,
knees pressed down hard into…
sharp rocky ground — suddenly– soft grass,
a gift
the smile of the very earth looking upwards.
Then…
–not in the custom of mortals, who fall to the earth —
leaping
from
her,
into
the light
was…
Him.
“Olulululululululululu!”
The attending goddesses lost composure
letting loose the scream of pure joy.
ἰὴ ἰέ — [IayIaIayIa.]
You are here!
At your arrival, I too cannot help but make-the-ritual-cry-of-joy
IayIaIayIa
I greet you with proper deference, Lord of purifying-light,
now ever-present but then first-present]
[With all the greatest goddesses as your nursemaids,
the after-birth tasks were performed… ]
You: bathed in flows of never-stagnant water 120
[–the water which purifies the profane and makes us into sacred beings –]
You: swaddled in a cloth of purest white
[– sacred cloth of delicate, subtle refinement, new-woven for the god’s festival–]
You: bound with a cord of gold
[–a mark of your highest status.]
Apollo whose-every-instrument-is–of-shining-gold,
only ever nursed on divine food: nectar and sweet ambrosia.
His first sips were offered to him directly, in front of all,
not by breasts and the nursing of his mother, but
by the very hands of proper rule and divine justice: Lady Themis.
Leto, in a joyous and favourable mood, smiles 125
recognizing that she has given birth to such a son
one who will reflect such glory to her
[a king, respected by all]
a strong and deadly archer.
The Domains of Apollo
ἰὴ ἰέ — [IayIaIayIa.]
You are here!
I too cannot help but make-the-ritual-cry-of-joy
IayIaIayIa
I sing of your first moments,
purifying-light:
You:
at the very first taste of the food of the immortals,
were transformed
swelling in age, form, and power
You
first — in age, no longer a baby,
snapping the golden swaddling cord
You
then — in the strength of your form,
unable to be held by any physical bonds.
You
now — in your power,
breaker of all chains.
He
Phoebus Apollo,
purifying-light,
from his first moment in the sun,
already spoke in formal address to immortal assembly: 130
“Be aware,
these will be my domains and honours:
the deadly bow
[which will bring death to my enemies]
yes this, but also…
the bow of the lyre
[which brings solace, joy, and peace to all] and
the voice of oracles:
which will bring to humans — ignorant and lost —
guidance from the immutable plans of Zeus.”
Once he had made this proclamation,
he immediately set out
to make a young man’s quest
to make his name,
to accomplish great deeds
across the broad-paths of the Earth:
Apollo
already an adolescent with-long-hair-uncut,
purifying-light,
with-power-stretching-far.
Delos Reprise
As he departed,
the noble ladies,
catching sight of him
–seeing who he truly was–
gasped, struck with reverent awe,
though they were all mighty goddesses themselves 135
But lady Delos,
the very moment she laid eyes on him
–on her little green sapling,
sprouted from Leto and Zeus–
became purest gold.
Her rocky face, blushing with happiness,
forever filled with colour and wealth.
She was transformed.
Because of the god
Because such a one had chosen to establish his home
on her
over all other lands
over all the other islands
over all the places of the mainland.
Through the love of him filling her heart,
she now shined gloriously, like:
the peak of a mountain, once gray and craggy,
blanketed under the colour of spring flowers.
ἰὴ ἰέ — [IayIaIayIa.]
You are here!
I too cannot help but make-the-ritual-cry-of-joy
IayIaIayIa
Let me address you with proper deference:]
Lord
purifying-light,
lord-of-the-silver-bow,
with-power-stretching-far! 140
Out of all other places…
Above
your sacred paths on rugged mount Cynthos,
your many dwellings
among the islands, and
among those who live elsewhere,
all of your other temples and shaded grooves
— even though there are so many
Above
even those places most pleasing to you in their beauty:
peaks and rolling foothills of high mountains,
rivers flowing into the ocean,
beaches and harbors alongside the sea–145
Above them all,
it is still the sight of her
which most brings joy into your heart:
Delos.
- The list of goddesses here is fascinating and it is difficult to tell exactly why this particular set was chosen. Demonstrably they are all of older generations (depending on the myth, obviously) and all are (in later myths at least) connected to the highest figures of the gods: brides of Zeus (Dione, Themis), mother of Zeus and wife of the previous king (Rhea), or wife of Poseidon and possibly the previous ruler of the sea (Amphitrite). More speculatively, each of these goddesses represent thematic elements that do appear within the hymn or are traditionally attached to Apollo. Most have a long tradition of attachment to places of oracle (often being prophetess' in and of themselves), many are connected to tales of important births (Aphrodite, the gods, or the many good things connected to Themis) -- even, in the case of Rhea, a god who has taken the privledge of birth for his own.. Smaller connections might include Apollo's famous love affairs (ala Aphrodite) and Apollo's prominent connection with Poseidon and the ocean in this hymn (through Amphitrite) ↵
- Her name is literally the female form of Zeus' name -- his 'Dios' from which deus/divine/etc. comes means 'male divinity' and hers Dione means 'female divinity.' Although less important in later mythology, she probably comes from an earlier substratum of belief. ↵
- This is a definite refutation of the Hesiodic pan-hellenic myth that makes Aphrodite a semi-Titan born out of Ouranos' severed genitals. Though Dione is not stated to be the mother of Aphrodite explicitly in this hymn, she IS called daughter of Zeus when she later appears and this accords with the set of mythology that makes Dione the mother. ↵
- Ichnae was in ancient Macedonia and the Ichnaen goddess is a primordial huntress figure in her own right who is conflated both with Themis but also with Gaia and with the Eumenides (and possibly with Aphrodite/Artemis as well). Specifying her as Ichnaen though, in addition to making her quite old, is likely mean to call to mind her connection to oracular sanctuaries in the area. ↵
καλλιπλόκαμος/kali+plokamos
literally: "of the beautiful hair"
figuratively: "beautiful -- look at her hair!" (ie. a way of talking about the feature which draws the most attention) but depending on the status (1) calls to mind the affair between Zeus and Leto, reminding us of the beauty which "drew" Zeus in. (2) the noble status of Leto and thus, transitively, the high status of her children -- gods were naturally beautiful, as are those marked by high status (kalos kai agathos). (3) Leto's role as a suitably impressive partner for Zeus and potentially a pseudo-wife -- in this she directly rivals Hera AND establishes Apollo as an heir to Zeus' throne and household. This can be focalized as a compliment OR an insult.
ἐυ-κτίμενος/eu-ktimenos = well + developed/built