8 Apollo’s journeys in Northern Greece (206-245)
The Deeds of Apollo
Of what glorious accomplishment will I now sing which could add to your praise,
when all the deeds praised by song are already yours?[1]
[Since we judge the glory of a deed through the quality of our opponents]
Should I sing of
your many romantic contests?
of those glorious heroes in rivalry with you
as a young man,
enflamed by the passions of love?
Perhaps I should tell that most famous tale:
you in a lover’s pursuit of the daughter of Azan,
[Coronis?][1]
[Though of all women you had chosen her and she had welcomed you
she was justly punished for her betrayal and her deceit]
Your rival for her affection was Ischys: 210
like-a-god, at least in his appearance,
overly fond of his sleek and expensive chariot,
heir to Elatus’ wealth.
Or would it be pleasing for me to sing of your relationship with that son of Triopas?
Phorbas?
[Slayer of the great serpent]
[Your rival in love? Or perhaps,
you were in love with your rival?]
Or your rivalry against great Ereutheus?
Or your competition against Leucippus?[2]
In a race for his very wife
though he was racing with horses, you challenged him on foot —
his accomplishments rivaled even that famous victory of Triopas.
Or perhaps I should again sing of
firsts?
[of how things came to be as they are…]
how and where you first sought a site
for your first and greatest oracle,
which brought order to all the lands of humanity.
[And the glorious deeds which you accomplished along the way?]
[And from this moment,[3] from your every step,
your rule and influence over mortals spreads
until it reaches every land:
[the rich Peloponnese
across Europa (Thrace and Thessaly)
throughout the water-circled Aegean islands.
But here, we trace your power as it spreads across Europa.]
The Domains of Apollo (II)
Northern Greece
Apollo whose-arrows-travel-far, you far-traveled across the earth… 215
after descending from Olympus you came to Pieria
then headed south,
over the sands of Lektos
over the nomadic territories of the Ainianes and the Perrhaebians
passing through Thessaly and the territory around Iolkos.
You then crossed to cape Cenaeon
in the north of coastal Euboea,
–famous-for-its-ships–
Here,
pausing. Considering for a moment
a barren place devoid of humans:
the Lelantine plain. 220
But ultimately it brought no joy to your heart
to establish your first temple and sacred forested groves
there, on that land.
[Though one day it would hold your Daphnêphorion, the laurel temple,
which some claim as your first temple]
Apollo whose-arrows-travel-far, ever-further you traveled…
You went west from Euboea, crossing the Euripus Strait
climbing the holy, green hills of Messapio
swiftly passing Mycalessos and grassy Teumessos.
Here,
you landed, pausing. Considering for a moment
Thebes:
but found a busy city-center populated
only by trees. 225
In that most ancient, sacred city
no mortals were dwelling.
For it had not been founded.
Not yet.
There were not any roads — or even any paths —
across Thebes’ wheat-bearing fields.
The city which would one day be ancient
was then, just a blanket of wild forest.
[Though it would one day be the site of your Ismenios temple, the oracle by fire
which some claim as your first temple.]
Apollo, whose-arrows-travel-far, you left and went further yet…
You came south into Boetian Onchestos,
a rite of passage through the famous bright grove of
Poseidon 230
whose-roaring-waves[are as the roar of young men competing] and
the salt-swells are as young colts striving but crashing upon the shore]
The Grove of Poseidon
[Make the grove present in your mind]:
a colt, just recently broken-in, breathes in sharply
pulling a heavy weight
behind: an impressive chariot.
See now: the driver.
He leaps out of the chariot box
— by the grace of his motions, one can tell he is of true nobility —
His feet hit the ground.
He walks along the remaining road,
leaving behind the chariot.
The horses
now pull the car all on their own,
The cart
it swerves and rattles dangerously
suddenly free of its customary weight
without the guiding hand of the driver
[through a field littered with obstacles.]
[But why?]
This has always been the sacred ritual of the grove —
[a rite of passage for young men into adulthood]
done now even as it was at the first.
[If the chariot leaves the grove intact, the lucky driver remounts and departs but]
if the unguided chariot of youth breaks before leaving the shady grove 235
the horses:
untied and
taken back into the care their owner but
the chariot itself:
turned over,
abandoned wherever it fell
[to be mourned amidst the graveyard of other chariots]
The concern of humans:
only the prayers and hopes for the future
they offer to the godly-king here, nothing more.
The god’s holy concern:
the ultimate fate and honour of the chariot.
Apollo-whose-arrow-travels-far, from there you went further yet:
south, you came to the clear-flowing river Cephissus 240
whose beautiful water flows towards Lilaia.
After crossing this,
king
whose-deeds-are-far-known,
you went over the many towers of Okalea
and passed towards grassy Haliartos.
There, you walked towards
Telphousa.
There,
It finally brought joy to your heart,
to establish your first temple and sacred forest groves
over her. 245
[1] Note that in some texts this is exactly parallel to the earlier line but see Miller on this slight variation (also represented in manuscripts)
- In the goal of clarifying obscure references in the poem I have specified the name of the lover here. In doing so though I may be working against the poet's thematic goal here -- the purpose of these songs seems to be 'rivalry' and, as such, it may be unimportant who the object of that love is. All the same 'daughter of Azan' would have been much more clear to a Greek audience than a contemporary one and so I thought that adding her name was justified here. ↵
- The text is quite uncertain here. This MIGHT be some strange variation of the Daphne story though it also seems to resemble some variation of the Atalanta myth. ↵
- Not present in the original Greek, I have reiterated this invocation from the first section to better remind the reader that each of the three lengthy descriptions of places are meant to illustrate a kind of mental map of Apollo's power and are clearly meant to be read as a set. This idea is introduced above by the phrase "all the lands of humanity" which puts the listener in the correct state of mind to associate Apollo's journey with the spread of his power. Also all of the locations that he visits were prominent sites of Apollo's later worship, so an ancient audience would likely have been more attuned to this function anyway. ↵