CEGC 5: Inclusive and Sustainable Industrialization
Connection to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
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Sustainable and inclusive industrialization provides products that support good health and well-being |  |
Inclusive industrialization helps to increase equity among all stakeholders |
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Inclusive industrialization supports gender equality |  |
Sustainable industrialization is achieved by responsible production |
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Industrialization and manufacturing are significant factors of the economy in many countries |  |
Sustainable industrialization can reduce anthropogenic environmental impacts |
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Sustainable and inclusive industrialization contributes to innovation and industry |
What is the Canadian Engineering Grand Challenge Statement?
The challenge for sustainable industrialization is to reconcile the tension between industrialization and the manufacturing of products with the need to safeguard our environment and our natural resources [1].
High Level Overview of the Canadian Engineering Grand Challenge
Manufacturing and heavy industries are vitally important to the world economy. The existence of large-scale manufacturing allows for many of the conveniences that people take for granted in the modern world. Looking closer to home, manufacturing is one of the single largest contributors to the Canadian GDP. In 2021, it accounted for roughly two thirds of all Canada’s merchandise exports. Industry provides valuable jobs to Canadians across the country. The value of industrialization is apparent; however, much waste is produced in the process and profits are not always equitable. Sustainable industrialization is the push towards industry that is not only economically successful in the long-term, but also minimizes the energy and natural resources consumed. To achieve this, the push towards a circular economy must be sustained, with the goal of zero waste or greenhouse gas emissions. Inclusive industrialization is defined by the United Nations as industrial development that offers equal opportunities and an equitable distribution of the benefits of industrialization to all stakeholders. In order to achieve the goal of both inclusive and sustainable industrialization, the engineers of today must be prepared to creatively and intelligently approach these challenges.
Example Connection to a Sustainable Development Goal
CEGC 5: Inclusive and Sustainable Industrialization maps to several Sustainable Development Goals, where an example of one of the connections is to SDG 12 -Responsible Consumption and Production, which has a goal to “Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns”[2].
Figure: Infographic on Sustainable Development Goal 12 [2]
Keywords: industrialization, circular economy, equitable distribution, eco-design, life cycle analysis, extended producer responsibility
Status of the Challenge Globally
While strides have been made to reduce emissions from industrial activities in some countries, there are still many countries throughout the world that emit harmful levels of greenhouse gas emissions. Waste from manufactured products has formed two large collections of marine debris known as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch which are still growing. Natural resources continue to be consumed at an unsustainable rate.
Status of the Challenge in Canada
Economics and Inclusivity
Manufacturing is one of the single largest contributors to the Canadian GDP. It currently accounts for 68% of all Canada’s merchandise exports and provides over 1.7 million jobs to Canadians across the country (Canadian Manufacturing Sector Gateway, 2021). The value of industrialization is apparent; however, the profits are not always equitable. Economic growth does not mean success if it amplifies inequalities. Canada currently has industrial policy and is investing public dollars, it is merely a question of whether the policy will be implemented effectively (An inclusive industrial policy for Canada, 2021).
Sustainability
Industry is clearly very important to Canada; however, it comes with its own set of drawbacks for the environment. In 2020, heavy industry accounted for 10.6% of total Canadian greenhouse gas emissions. Progress has been made in recent years to reduce the emissions from industry, and 2020 was the lowest year for industry emissions in Canada since 2009 (Greenhouse Gas Emissions, 2022). Canada is also pushing towards creating a circular economy. A circular economy is one that converts waste from one application into inputs for another process. The global economy was estimated to be 6% circular in 2005 [4]. The current lack of a circular economy is producing industrial waste at an unsustainable rate.
Roadblocks to Success
Inclusive and sustainable industrialization is achievable, but there are several challenges that have barred this achievement from already being completed. From the perspective of the producer, environmental benefits do not often line up with what would be financially optimal. Lack of legislation and regulations on end-of-life responsibilities allow producers to take environmental shortcuts. Legislation also currently fails to provide incentive programs that guide sustainable economic development. Even if a producer wanted to be completely environmentally friendly, it can often be difficult. One issue is that many products are complex in both the number of materials used and in how they are integrated. This can make it challenging for products to be recycled or reused efficiently. Recycling also takes energy, meaning it still has an environmental impact. Additionally, recycling often degrades material quality. From a consumer standpoint, not everyone cares enough to recycle their used goods, and lack of understanding about recycling can lead those who do care to improperly recycle.
Strategies to Meet 2030 Targets
To address the challenge of practising inclusive and sustainable industrialization, Engineering Deans Canada have identified the following strategies [1]:
- Contributing to the circular economy where waste products become input to produce other value-added products.
- Improving research and teaching on eco-design as well as ways to predict or forecast when an outcome that occurs is going to be later recognized as a large problem.
- Suppressing waste in all stages of industrialization and production.
- Recycling and reusing products we make.
- Designing for sustainability, recyclability and biodegradability of all the products we produce.
- Including both energy and water use in life cycle analyses carried out for products.
- Digitizing and collecting product use data in our daily lives and industrial practices that can be used for life cycle analysis.
- Improving efficiency of resource use.
- Adding extended producer responsibility for products which are manufactured and used.
- Adding more legislation and regulatory frameworks to realize the implementation of all these priorities.
References
[1] EDC-DDIC. (2022, May 6). Canadian Engineering Grand Challenges (2020-2030). Engineering Deans Canada. Retrieved February 23, 2023, from https://engineeringdeans.ca/en/canadian-engineering-grand-challenges-2020-2030-inspiring-action-to-improve-life-for-canadians-and-the-world/
[2] United Nations (2023). The 17 Goals, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Sustainable Development. Retrieved February 27, 2023, from https://sdgs.un.org/goals
[3] Sector, I. (2021, October 12). Government of Canada. Government of Canada, Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada, Office of the Deputy Minister, Industry Sector. Retrieved February 23, 2023, from https://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/mfg-fab.nsf/eng/home
[4] Willi Haas, Fridolin Krausmann, Dominik Wiedenhofer, and Markus Heinz, How Circular is the Global Economy? An Assessment of Material Flows, Waste Production, and Recycling in the European Union and the World in 2005, Journa of Industrial Ecology, Vol 19, No. 5, 2015, 765-777. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jiec.12244
[5] Strategy for a waste-free Ontario: Building the circular economy. ontario.ca. (1970, January 1). Retrieved February 23, 2023, from https://www.ontario.ca/page/strategy-waste-free-ontario-building-circular-economy
[6] Statistics Canada. (2020, October 20). As the ninth goal outlined in the 2030 agenda for sustainable development, Canada and other UN member states have committed to build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation by 2030. this fact sheet provides an overview of indicators underlying the ninth sustainable development goal in support of industry, innovation and infrastructure, and the statistics and data sources used to monitor and report on this goal in Canada. Sustainable Development Goals: Goal 9, Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure. Retrieved February 23, 2023, from https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/11-637-x/2020001/article/00009-eng.htm
[7] Pembina Institute. (n.d.). The most important climate numbers you need to know. Pembina Institute. Retrieved February 23, 2023, from https://www.pembina.org/blog/most-important-climate-numbers-you-need-know
[8] Government of Canada. (2021, October 12). Canadian Manufacturing Sector Gateway. Government of Canada. Retrieved November 26, 2022, from https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/canadian-manufacturing-sector-gateway/en
[9] United Nations. (n.d.). Inclusive and Sustainable Industrial Development. United Nations Industrial Development Organization. Retrieved November 26, 2022, from https://www.unido.org/inclusive-and-sustainable-industrial-development#:~:text=%22Inclusive%22%20in%20this%20context%20means%20that%20industrial%20development,of%20the%20benefits%20of%20industrialization%20to%20all%20stakeholders
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