References

American College Health Association (2019) National college health assessment II: Canadian consortium executive summary spring 2019. American College Health Association.

Auerbach, R. P., Alonso, J., Axinn, W. G., Cuijpers, P., Ebert, D. D., Green, J. G., Hwang, I., Kessler, R. C., Liu, H., Mortier, P., Nock, M. K., Pinder-Amaker, S., Sampson, N. A., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Al-Hamzawi, A., Andrade, L. H., Benjet, C., Caldas-de-Almeida, J. M., Demyttenaere, K., Florescu, S., de Girolamo, G., Gureje O., Haro, J.M., Karam, E.G., Kiejna, A., Kovess-Masfety, V., Lee, S., McGrath, J.J., O’Neill, S., Pennel, B-E., Scott, K., Ten Have, M., Torres, Y., Zaslavsky, A.M., Zarkov, Z. & Bruffaerts, R. (2016). Mental disorders among college students in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. Psychological Medicine, 46(14), 2955–2970. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291716001665

Bond L., Butler H., Thomas L., Carlin J., Glover S., Bowes G., Patton G. (2007) Social and school connectedness in early secondary school as predictors of late teenage substance use, mental health, and academic outcomes. Journal of Adolescent Health 40(4): 357.e9-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.10.013

CAST. (2024). About Universal Design for Learning guidelines version 3.0 [graphic organizer]. https://www.cast.org/impact/universal-design-for-learning-udl

Collings, S., West S.L., Bates, H.E (2021) A cross-sectional analysis of factors that impact Trent Biology student perceptions of science and scientific identity. Undergraduate Honours Thesis, Trent University.

Coronavirus Disease. https://www.who.int/europe/emergencies/situations/covid-19

COVID-19 Mental Disorders Collaborators. (2021). Global prevalence and burden of depressive and anxiety disorders in 204 countries and territories in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet, 398(10312), 1700–1712. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02143-7

Dubale, N., McGinnis, E., McEwen, B., Bates, H.E., West, S.L. (2024). State depression, anxiety, stress and sleep among students attending a Canadian university during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Canadian Journal of Behaviour Science, 57(3). https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/cbs0000427

Gallagher-Mackay, K. & Brown, R. S. with Corso, C. & Tam, G. (2023). Mapping the impacts of COVID disruptions on postsecondary access in Ontario in COVID school year 2 (2020-21). Higher Education Quality Council of Ontario.

Ghebreyesus, T. (2020, March 11). WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19. 2020. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19—11-march-2020

Greeson, J. M., Juberg, M. K., Maytan, M., James, K., & Rogers, H. (2014). A randomized controlled trial of Koru: A mindfulness program for college students and other emerging adults. Journal of American College Health, 62(4), 222-233. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2014.887571

Halladay, J, Dawdy J.L., McNamara I.F., Chen A.J., Vitoroulis I., McInnes N., Munn C. (2019). Mindfulness for the mental health and well-being of post-secondary students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mindfulness, 10: 397-414. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0979-z

Ibrahim, A. K., Kelly, S. J., Adams, C. E., & Glazebrook, C. (2013). A systematic review of studies of depression prevalence in university students. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 47(3), 391–400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.11.015

Jose P.E., Ryan N., Pryor J. (2012) Does social connectedness promote a greater sense of well-being in adolescence over time? Journal of Research Adolescence, 22(2): 235-251. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2012.00783.x

Lew T., Dubale N.M., Doose E., Adenuga A., Bates H.E., West S.L. (2025) Impacts of the mindfulness meditation mobile app Calm on undergraduate students’ sleep and emotional state: Pilot randomized controlled trial. JMIR Formative Research, 9(e66131).  https://doi.org/10.2196/66131 

Linden, B., Stuart, H., & Ecclestone, A. (2023). Trends in post-secondary student stress: A pan-Canadian study. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne de Psychiatrie, 68(7), 521–530. https://doi.org/10.1177/07067437221111365

Moghimi, E., Stephenson, C., Gutierrez, G., Jagayat, J., Layzell, G., Patel, C., McCart, A., Gibney, C., Langstaff, C., Ayonrinde, O., Khalid-Khan, S., Milev, R., Snelgrove-Clarke, E., Soares, C., Omrani, M., & Alavi, N. (2023). Mental health challenges, treatment experiences, and care needs of post-secondary students: a cross-sectional mixed-methods study. BMC Public Health, 23(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15452-x

Moses‐Payne, M. E., Habicht, J., Bowler, A., Steinbeis, N., & Hauser, T. U. (2021). I know better! Emerging metacognition allows adolescents to ignore false advice. Developmental Science,  24(5), e13101. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.13101

Mrazek M.D., Franklin M.S., Phillips D.T., Baird B., Schooler J.W. (2013). Mindfulness training improves working memory capacity and GRE performance while reducing mind wandering. Psychological Science, 24(5):776-81. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797612459659

Napierala, J., Pilla, N., Pichette, J., & Colyar, J. (2022). Ontario learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experiences of Ontario first-year postsecondary students in 2020–21. Higher Education Quality Council of Ontario.

Olatunji, E. A., Ogunsola, A., Elenwa, F., Udeh, M., Oginni, I., Nmadu, Y., & Callaghan, T. (2023). COVID-19: Academic, financial, and mental health challenges faced by international students in the United States due to the Pandemic. Cureus, 15(6), e41081. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.41081

Pluut H., Cuseu P.L., Ilies R. (2015). Social and study related stressors and resources among university entrants: Effects on well-being and academic performance. Learning and Individual Differences, 37:262-268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2014.11.018

Rushowy, K. (2024, Jan. 9). Almost half of Ontario universities are running deficits, putting student services at risk, council says. The Toronto Star. https://www.thestar.com/politics/provincial/almost-half-of-ontario-universities-are-running-deficits-putting-student-services-at-risk-council-says/article_639ebedc-af31-11ee-bdce-47e37d4e1808.html

Shields, M., Tonmyr, L., Gonzalez, A., Weeks, M., Park, S.-B., Robert, A.-M., Blair, D.-L., & MacMillan, H. L. (2021). Symptoms of major depressive disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from a representative sample of the Canadian population. Chronic Diseases in Canada, 41(11), 340–358.https://doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.41.11.04

Singla, R., Chatterjee, P., & Mithra, P. (2023). Impact of COVID-19 on academic and psychological aspects in students of medicine: A cross-sectional study. Cureus, 15(11), e48259. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.48259

Steiner R.J., Sheremenko G., Lesesne C., Dittus P.J., Sieving R.E., Ethier K.A. (2019). Adolescent connectedness and adult health outcomes. Pediatrics, 144(1):e20183766. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2018-3766

Supriya, K., Mead, C., Anbar, A. D., Caulkins, J. L., Collins, J. P., Cooper, K. M., LePore, P. C., Lewis, T., Pate, A., Scott, R. A., & Brownell, S. E. (2021). Undergraduate biology students received higher grades during COVID-19 but perceived negative effects on learning. Frontiers in Education, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.759624

Tuononen, T., Hyytinen, H., Raisanen M., Hailikari T., Parpala, A. (2023). Metacognitive awareness in relation to university students’ learning profiles. Metacognition and Learning, 18(1):37-54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11409-022-09314-x

Viner R.M., Ozer E.M., Denny S., Marmot M., Resnick M., Fatusi A., Currie C. (2012). Adolescence and the social determinants of health. Lancet, (379):1641-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60149-4

Weil, L. G., Fleming, S. M., Dumontheil, I., Kilford, E. J., Weil, R. S., Rees, G., Dolan, R.J.& Blakemore, S. J. (2013). The development of metacognitive ability in adolescence. Consciousness and Cognition, 22(1), 264-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2013.01.004

Weinstein, C. E., Acee, T. W., & Jung, J. (2011). Self‐regulation and learning strategies. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 2011(126): 45-53. https://doi.org/10.1002/tl.443

Widnall, E., Winstone L., Plackett R., Adams E.A., Haworth C.M.A., Mars B., Kidger J. (2022). Impact of school and peer connectedness on adolescent mental health and well-being outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal panel survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(11):6768. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116768

Young, A., & Fry, J.D. (2008). Metacognitive awareness and academic achievement in college students. Journal of the Scholarship Teaching Learning, 8(2): 1-10. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ854832