4.5 Solve Mixture Applications with Systems of Equations
Learning Objectives
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
- Solve mixture applications
- Solve interest applications
Try It
Before you get started, take this readiness quiz:
1) Multiply [latex]4.025(1,562)[/latex].
2) Write [latex]8.2\%[/latex] as a decimal.
3) Earl’s dinner bill came to [latex]\$32.50[/latex] and he wanted to leave an [latex]18\%[/latex] tip. How much should the tip be?
Solve Mixture Applications
When we solved a mixture of applications with coins and tickets earlier, we started by creating a table so we could organize the information. For a coin example with nickels and dimes, the table looked like this:
| Type | Number x Value ($) = Total Value ($) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nickels | [latex]0.05[/latex] | ||
| Dimes | [latex]0.10[/latex] | ||
Using one variable meant that we had to relate the number of nickels and the number of dimes. We had to decide if we were going to let [latex]n[/latex] be the number of nickels and then write the number of dimes in terms of [latex]n[/latex], or if we would let [latex]d[/latex] be the number of dimes and write the number of nickels in terms of [latex]d[/latex].
Now that we know how to solve systems of equations with two variables, we’ll just let [latex]n[/latex] be the number of nickels and [latex]d[/latex] be the number of dimes. We’ll write one equation based on the total value column like we did before, and the other equation will come from the number column.
For the first example, we’ll do a ticket problem where the ticket prices are in whole dollars, so we won’t need to use decimals just yet.
Example 1
Translate to a system of equations and solve:
The box office at a movie theatre sold [latex]147[/latex] tickets for the evening show, and receipts totalled [latex]$1,302[/latex]. How many [latex]$11[/latex] adult and how many [latex]$8[/latex] child tickets were sold?
Solution
Step 1: Read the problem.
We will create a table to organize the information.
Step 2: Identify what we are looking for.
We are looking for the number of adult tickets and the number of child tickets sold.
Step 3: Name what we are looking for.
Let [latex]a=[/latex] the number of adult tickets.
Let [latex]c=[/latex] the number of child tickets
A table will help us organize the data. We have two types of tickets: adult and child.
Write [latex]a[/latex] and [latex]c[/latex] for the number of tickets.
Write the total number of tickets sold at the bottom of the Number column.
Altogether [latex]147[/latex] were sold.
Write the value of each type of ticket in the Value column.
The value of each adult ticket is [latex]$11[/latex]. The value of each child ticket is [latex]$8[/latex].
The number of times the value gives the total value, so the total value of adult tickets is [latex]a\cdot 11=11a[/latex], and the total value of child tickets is [latex]c\cdot 8=8c[/latex].
| Type | Number [latex]\times[/latex] Value ($) = Total Value ($) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Adult | [latex]a[/latex] | [latex]11[/latex] | [latex]11a[/latex] |
| Child | [latex]c[/latex] | [latex]8[/latex] | [latex]8c[/latex] |
| [latex]147[/latex] | [latex]1302[/latex] | ||
Altogether the total value of the tickets was [latex]$1,302[/latex].
Fill in the Total Value column.
Step 4: Translate into a system of equations.
The Number column and the Total Value column give us the system of equations. We will use the elimination method to solve this system.
[latex]\left\{\begin{array}{l}a+c=147\\11a+8c=1302\end{array}\right.[/latex]
Multiply the first equation by [latex]−8[/latex].
[latex]\left\{\begin{array}{l}-8(a+c)=-8(147)\\11a+8c=1302\end{array}\right.[/latex]
Simplify and add, then solve for [latex]a[/latex].
[latex]\begin{array}{r}\left\{\begin{array}{l}-8a+8c=-1176\\11a+8c=1302\end{array}\right.\\\hline3a=126\end{array}[/latex]
Substitute [latex]a=42[/latex] into the first equation, then solve for [latex]c[/latex].
[latex]\begin{eqnarray*}{\color{red}{42}}+c&=&147\\c&=&105\end{eqnarray*}[/latex]
Step 5: Check the answer in the problem.
[latex]42[/latex] adult tickets at [latex]$11[/latex] per ticket makes [latex]$462[/latex].
[latex]105[/latex] child tickets at [latex]$8[/latex] per ticket makes [latex]$840[/latex].
The total receipts are [latex]$1,302✓[/latex].
Step 6: Answer the question.
The movie theatre sold [latex]42[/latex] adult tickets and [latex]105[/latex] child tickets.
Try It
4) Translate to a system of equations and solve: The ticket office at the zoo sold 553 tickets in one day. The receipts totalled $3,936. How many $9 adult tickets and how many $6 child tickets were sold?
Solution
There were 206 adult tickets sold and 347 children tickets sold.
5) Translate to a system of equations and solve: A science centre sold 1,363 tickets on a busy weekend. The receipts totalled $12,146. How many $12 adult tickets and how many $7 child tickets were sold?
Solution
There were 521 adult tickets sold and 842 children tickets sold.
In Example 2 we’ll solve a coin problem. Now that we know how to work with systems of two variables, naming the variables in the ‘number’ column will be easy.
Example 2
Translate to a system of equations and solve:
Priam has a collection of nickels and quarters, with a total value of [latex]$7.30[/latex]. The number of nickels is six less than three times the number of quarters. How many nickels and how many quarters does he have?
Solution
Step 1: Read the problem.
We will create a table to organize the information.
Step 2: Identify what we are looking for.
We are looking for the number of nickels and the number of quarters.
Step 3: Name what we are looking for.
Let [latex]n=[/latex] be the number of nickels.
Let [latex]q=[/latex] be the number of quarters
A table will help us organize the data. We have two types of coins, nickels and quarters.
Write [latex]n[/latex] and [latex]q[/latex] for the number of each type of coin.
Fill in the Value column with the value of each type of coin.
The value of each nickel is [latex]$0.05[/latex].
The value of each quarter is [latex]$0.25[/latex].
The number of times the value gives the total value, so, the total value of the nickels is [latex]n(0.05)=0.05n[/latex] and the total value of quarters is [latex]q(0.25)=0.25q[/latex]. Altogether the total value of the coins is [latex]$7.30[/latex].
| Type | Number [latex]\times[/latex] Value ($) = Total Value ($) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nickels | [latex]n[/latex] | [latex]0.05[/latex] | [latex]0.05n[/latex] |
| Quarters | [latex]q[/latex] | [latex]0.25[/latex] | [latex]0.25q[/latex] |
| [latex]7.30[/latex] | |||
Step 4: Translate into a system of equations.
The Total Value column gives one equation.
[latex]0.05n+0.25q=7.30[/latex]
We also know the number of nickels is six less than three times the number of quarters. Translate to get the second equation.
[latex]n=3q-6[/latex]
Now we have the system to solve.
[latex]\left\{\begin{array}{l}0.05n+0.25q=7.30\\n=3q-6\end{array}\right.[/latex]
Step 5: Solve the system of equations
We will use the substitution method. Substitute [latex]n=3q-6[/latex] into the first equation. Simplify and solve for [latex]q[/latex].
[latex]\begin{eqnarray*}0.05{\color{red}{n}}+0.25q&=&7.30\\0.05({\color{red}{3}}{\color{red}{q}}{\color{red}{-}}{\color{red}{6}})+0.25q&=&7.3\\0.15q-0.3+0.25q&=&7.3\\0.4q-0.3&=&7.3\\0.4q&=&7.6\\q&=&19\end{eqnarray*}[/latex]
To find the number of nickels, substitute [latex]q=19[/latex] into the second equation.
[latex]\begin{eqnarray*}n&=&3{\color{red}{q}}-6\\n&=&3\times{\color{red}{19}}-6\\n&=&51\end{eqnarray*}[/latex]
Step 6: Check the answer to the problem.
[latex]19[/latex] quarters at [latex]\$0.25 = \$4.75[/latex]
[latex]51[/latex] nickels at [latex]\$0.05 = \$2.55[/latex]
[latex]\begin{eqnarray*}\text{Total}&=&\$7.30\\3.19-16&=&\$51\checkmark\end{eqnarray*}[/latex]
Step 7: Answer the question.
Priam has [latex]19[/latex] quarters and [latex]51[/latex] nickels.
Try It
6) Translate to a system of equations and solve: Matilda has a handful of quarters and dimes, with a total value of [latex]$8.55[/latex]. The number of quarters is [latex]3[/latex] more than twice the number of dimes. How many dimes and how many quarters does she have?
Solution
Matilda has [latex]13[/latex] dimes and [latex]29[/latex] quarters.
7) Translate to a system of equations and solve: Juan has a pocketful of nickels and dimes. The total value of the coins is [latex]$8.10[/latex]. The number of dimes is [latex]9[/latex] less than twice the number of nickels. How many nickels and how many dimes does Juan have?
Solution
Juan has [latex]36[/latex] nickels and [latex]63[/latex] dimes.
Some mixture applications involve combining foods or drinks. Example situations might include combining raisins and nuts to make a trail mix or using two types of coffee beans to make a blend.
Example 3
Translate to a system of equations and solve:
Carson wants to make [latex]20[/latex] pounds of trail mix using nuts and chocolate chips. His budget requires that the trail mix costs him [latex]$7.60[/latex] per pound. Nuts cost [latex]$9.00[/latex] per pound and chocolate chips cost [latex]$2.00[/latex] per pound. How many pounds of nuts and how many pounds of chocolate chips should he use?
Solution
Step 1: Read the problem.
We will create a table to organize the information.
Step 2: Identify what we are looking for.
We are looking for the number of pounds of nuts and the number of pounds of chocolate chips.
Step 3: Name what we are looking for.
Let [latex]n=[/latex] be the number of pounds of nuts.
Let [latex]c=[/latex] be the number of pounds of chips
Carson will mix nuts and chocolate chips to get trail mix. Write in [latex]n[/latex] and [latex]c[/latex] for the number of pounds of nuts and chocolate chips.
There will be [latex]20[/latex] pounds of trail mix. Put the price per pound of each item in the Value column. Fill in the last column using Number [latex]\times[/latex] Value = Total Value
| Type | Number of Pounds [latex]\times[/latex] Value ($) = Total Value ($) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nuts | [latex]n[/latex] | [latex]9.00[/latex] | [latex]9n[/latex] |
| Chocolate Chips | [latex]c[/latex] | [latex]2.00[/latex] | [latex]2c[/latex] |
| Trail Mix | [latex]20[/latex] | [latex]7.60[/latex] | [latex]7.60(20)=152[/latex] |
Step 4: Translate into a system of equations. We get the equations from the Number and Total Value columns.
[latex]\left\{\begin{array}{l}n+c=20\\9n+2c=152\end{array}\right.[/latex]
Step 5: Solve the system of equations. We will use elimination to solve the system.
Multiply the first equation by [latex]−2[/latex] to eliminate [latex]c[/latex].
[latex]\left\{\begin{array}{l}-2(n+c)=-2(20)\\9n+2c=152\end{array}\right.[/latex]
Simplify and add. Solve for [latex]n[/latex].
[latex]\begin{array}{r}\left\{\begin{array}{l}-2n-2c=-40\\9n+2c=152\end{array}\right.\\\hline7n=112\end{array}[/latex]
[latex]n=16[/latex]
To find the number of pounds of chocolate chips, substitute [latex]n=16[/latex] into the first equation, then solve for [latex]c[/latex].
[latex]\begin{eqnarray*}{\color{red}{n}}+c&=&20\\{\color{red}{16}}+c&=&20\\c&=&4\end{eqnarray*}[/latex]
Step 6: Check the answer to the problem.
[latex]\begin{eqnarray*}16+4 &=& 20✓\\9.16+2.4 &=& 152✓\end{eqnarray*}[/latex]
Step 7: Answer the question.
Carson should mix [latex]16[/latex] pounds of nuts with [latex]4[/latex] pounds of chocolate chips to create the trail mix.
Try It
8) Translate to a system of equations and solve: Greta wants to make [latex]5[/latex] pounds of a nut mix using peanuts and cashews. Her budget requires the mixture to cost her [latex]$6[/latex] per pound. Peanuts are [latex]$4[/latex] per pound and cashews are [latex]$9[/latex] per pound. How many pounds of peanuts and how many pounds of cashews should she use?
Solution
Greta should use [latex]3[/latex] pounds of peanuts and [latex]2[/latex] pounds of cashews.
9) Translate to a system of equations and solve: Sammy has most of the ingredients he needs to make a large batch of chili. The only items he lacks are beans and ground beef. He needs a total of [latex]20[/latex] pounds combined of beans and ground beef and has a budget of [latex]$3[/latex] per pound. The price of beans is [latex]$1[/latex] per pound and the price of ground beef is [latex]$5[/latex] per pound. How many pounds of beans and how many pounds of ground beef should he purchase?
Solution
Sammy should purchase [latex]10[/latex] pounds of beans and [latex]10[/latex] pounds of ground beef.
Another application of mixture problems relates to concentrated cleaning supplies, other chemicals, and mixed drinks. The concentration is given as a percent. For example, a 20% concentrated household cleanser means that [latex]20%[/latex] of the total amount is cleanser, and the rest is water. To make [latex]35[/latex] ounces of a [latex]20%[/latex] concentration, you mix [latex]7[/latex] ounces ([latex]20%[/latex] of [latex]35[/latex]) of the cleanser with [latex]28[/latex] ounces of water.
For these kinds of mixture problems, we’ll use percent instead of value for one of the columns in our table.
Example 4
Translate to a system of equations and solve: Sasheena is a lab assistant at her community college. She needs to make [latex]200[/latex] millilitres of a [latex]40%[/latex] solution of sulphuric acid for a lab experiment. The lab has only [latex]25%[/latex] and [latex]50%[/latex] solutions in the storeroom. How much should she mix of the [latex]25%[/latex] and the [latex]50%[/latex] solutions to make the [latex]40%[/latex] solution?
Solution
Step 1: Read the problem.
A figure may help us visualize the situation, then we will create a table to organize the information.
Sasheena must mix some of the 25% solution and some of the 50% solution to get 200 ml of the 40% solution.
Step 2: Identify what we are looking for.
We are looking for how much of each solution she needs.
Step 3: Name what we are looking for.
Let [latex]x=[/latex] number of ml of 25% solution.
Let [latex]y=[/latex] number of ml of 50% solution.
A table will help us organize the data.
She will mix [latex]x[/latex] ml of [latex]25%[/latex] with [latex]y[/latex] ml of [latex]50%[/latex] to get [latex]200[/latex] ml of [latex]40%[/latex] solution.
We write the percentages as decimals in the chart.
We multiply the number of units times the concentration to get the total amount of sulphuric acid in each solution.
| Type | Number of Units [latex]\times[/latex] Concentration % = Amount | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 25% | [latex]x[/latex] | [latex]0.25[/latex] | [latex]0.25x[/latex] |
| 50% | [latex]y[/latex] | [latex]0.50[/latex] | [latex]0.50y[/latex] |
| 40% | [latex]200[/latex] | [latex]0.40[/latex] | [latex]0.40(200)[/latex] |
Step 4: Translate into a system of equations. We get the equations from the Number column and the Amount column.
Now we have the system.
[latex]\left\{\begin{array}{l}x+y=200\\0.25x+0.50y=0.40(200)\end{array}\right.[/latex]
Step 5: Solve the system of equations. We will solve the system by elimination. Multiply the first equation by [latex]−0.5[/latex] to eliminate [latex]y[/latex].
[latex]\left\{\begin{array}{l}{\color{red}{-}}{\color{red}{0}}{\color{red}{.}}{\color{red}{5}}(x+y)={\color{red}{-}}{\color{red}{0}}{\color{red}{.}}{\color{red}{5}}(200)\\0.25x+0.50y=0.40(200)\end{array}\right.[/latex]
Simplify and add to solve for [latex]x[/latex].
[latex]\begin{array}{r}\left\{\begin{array}{l}-0.5x-0.5y=-100\\0.25x+0.50y=0.40(200)\end{array}\right.\\\hline-0.25x&=&-20\\x&=&80\end{array}[/latex]
To solve for [latex]y[/latex], substitute [latex]x=80[/latex] into the first equation.
[latex]\begin{eqnarray*}{\color{red}{x}}+y=200\\{\color{red}{80}}+y=200\\y=120\\\end{eqnarray*}[/latex]
Step 6: Check the answer to the problem.
[latex]\begin{eqnarray*}80+120&=&120✓\\0.25(80)+0.50(120)&=&80✓\end{eqnarray*}[/latex]
Step 7: Answer the question.
Sasheena should mix [latex]80[/latex] ml of the [latex]25%[/latex] solution with [latex]120[/latex] ml of the [latex]50%[/latex] solution to get the [latex]200[/latex] ml of the [latex]40%[/latex] solution.
Try It
10) Translate to a system of equations and solve: LeBron needs [latex]150[/latex] millilitres of a [latex]30%[/latex] solution of sulphuric acid for a lab experiment but only has access to a [latex]25%[/latex] and a [latex]50%[/latex] solution. How much of the [latex]25%[/latex] and how much of the [latex]50%[/latex] solution should he mix to make the [latex]30%[/latex] solution?
Solution
LeBron needs [latex]120[/latex] ml of the [latex]25%[/latex] solution and [latex]30[/latex] ml of the [latex]50%[/latex] solution.
11) Translate to a system of equations and solve: Anatole needs to make [latex]250[/latex] millilitres of a [latex]25%[/latex] solution of hydrochloric acid for a lab experiment. The lab only has a [latex]10%[/latex] solution and a [latex]40%[/latex] solution in the storeroom. How much of the [latex]10%[/latex] and how much of the [latex]40%[/latex] solutions should he mix to make the [latex]25%[/latex] solution?
Solution
Anatole should mix [latex]125[/latex] ml of the [latex]10%[/latex] solution and [latex]125[/latex] ml of the [latex]40%[/latex] solution.
Solve Interest Applications
The formula to model interest applications is [latex]I=Prt[/latex]. Interest, [latex]I[/latex], is the product of the principal, [latex]P[/latex], the rate, [latex]r[/latex], and the time, [latex]t[/latex]. In our work here, we will calculate the interest earned in one year, so [latex]t[/latex] will be [latex]1[/latex].
We modify the column titles in the mixture table to show the interest formula, as you’ll see in Example 5.
Example 5
Translate to a system of equations and solve:
Adnan has [latex]$40,000[/latex] to invest and hopes to earn [latex]7.1%[/latex] interest per year. He will put some of the money into a stock fund that earns [latex]8%[/latex] per year and the rest into bonds that earn [latex]3%[/latex] per year. How much money should he put into each fund?
Solution
Step 1: Read the problem.
A chart will help us organize the information.
Step 2: Identify what we are looking for.
We are looking for the amount to invest in each fund.
Step 3: Name what we are looking for.
Let [latex]s=[/latex] the amount invested in stocks.
Let [latex]b=[/latex] the amount invested in bonds.
Write the interest rate as a decimal for each fund. Multiply: Principal [latex]\times[/latex] Rate [latex]\times[/latex]Time to get the Interest.
| Account | Principal [latex]\times[/latex] Rate [latex]\times[/latex] Time = Interest | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stock Fund | [latex]s[/latex] | [latex]0.08[/latex] | [latex]1[/latex] | [latex]0.08s[/latex] |
| Bonds | [latex]b[/latex] | [latex]0.03[/latex] | [latex]1[/latex] | [latex]0.03b[/latex] |
| Total | [latex]40,000[/latex] | [latex]0.071[/latex] | [latex]0.071(40,000)[/latex] | |
Step 4: Translate into a system of equations.
We get our system of equations from the Principal column and the Interest column.
[latex]\left\{\begin{array}{l}s+b=40,000\\0.08s+0.03b=0.071(40,000)\end{array}\right.[/latex]
Step 5: Solve the system of equations.
Solve by elimination. Multiply the top equation by [latex]−0.03[/latex].
[latex]\left\{\begin{array}{l}{\color{red}{-}}{\color{red}{0}}{\color{red}{.}}{\color{red}{03}}(s+b)={\color{red}{-}}{\color{red}{0}}{\color{red}{.}}{\color{red}{03}}(40,000)\\0.08s+0.03b=2,840\end{array}\right.[/latex]
[latex]s=32,800[/latex]
Simplify and add to solve for [latex]s[/latex].
[latex]\begin{array}{r}\left\{\begin{array}{l}-0.03s-0.03b=-1,200\\0.08s+0.03b=2,840\end{array}\right.\\\hline0.05s=1,640\end{array}[/latex]
To find [latex]b[/latex], substitute [latex]s=32,800[/latex] into the first equation.
[latex]\begin{eqnarray*}{\color{red}{s}}+b&=&40,000\\{\color{red}{32}}{\color{red}{,}}{\color{red}{800}}+b&=&40,000\\b&=&7,200\end{eqnarray*}[/latex]
Step 6: Check the answer to the problem.
We leave the check to you.
Step 7: Answer the question.
Adnan should invest [latex]$32,800[/latex] in stock and [latex]$7,200[/latex] in bonds.
Did you notice that the Principal column represents the total amount of money invested while the Interest column represents only the interest earned? Likewise, the first equation in our system, [latex]s+b=40,000[/latex], represents the total amount of money invested and the second equation, [latex]0.08s+0.03b=0.071(40,000)[/latex], represents the interest earned.
Try It
12) Translate to a system of equations and solve: Leon had [latex]$50,000[/latex] to invest and hopes to earn [latex]6.2 %[/latex] interest per year. He will put some of the money into a stock fund that earns [latex]7%[/latex] per year and the rest in to a savings account that earns [latex]2%[/latex] per year. How much money should he put into each fund?
Solution
Leon should put [latex]$42,000[/latex] in the stock fund and [latex]$8000[/latex] in the savings account.
13) Translate to a system of equations and solve: Julius invested [latex]$7,000[/latex] into two stock investments. One stock paid [latex]11%[/latex] interest and the other stock paid [latex]13%[/latex] interest. He earned [latex]12.5%[/latex] interest on the total investment. How much money did he put in each stock?
Solution
Julius invested [latex]$1,750[/latex] at [latex]11%[/latex] and [latex]$5,250[/latex] at [latex]13%[/latex].
Example 6
Translate to a system of equations and solve: Rosie owes [latex]$21,540[/latex] on her two student loans. The interest rate on her bank loan is [latex]10.5%[/latex] and the interest rate on the federal loan is [latex]5.9%[/latex]. The total amount of interest she paid last year was [latex]$1,669.68[/latex]. What was the principal for each loan?
Solution
Step 1: Read the problem.
A chart will help us organize the information.
Step 2: Identify what we are looking for.
We are looking for the principal of each loan.
Step 3: Name what we are looking for.
Let [latex]b=[/latex] be the principal for the bank loan.
Let [latex]f=[/latex] be the principal on the federal loan.
The total loans are [latex]$21,540[/latex].
Record the interest rates as decimals in the chart.
| Account | Principal [latex]\times[/latex] Rate [latex]\times[/latex] Time = Interest | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bank | [latex]b[/latex] | [latex]0.105[/latex] | [latex]1[/latex] | [latex]0.105b[/latex] |
| Federal | [latex]f[/latex] | [latex]0.059[/latex] | [latex]1[/latex] | [latex]0.059f[/latex] |
| Total | [latex]21,540[/latex] | [latex]1,669.68[/latex] | ||
Multiply using the formula [latex]l=Prt[/latex] to get the Interest.
Step 4: Translate into a system of equations.
The system of equations comes from the Principal column and the Interest column.
[latex]\left\{\begin{array}{l}b+f=21,540\\0.105b+0.059f=1,669.68\end{array}\right.[/latex]
Step 5: Solve the system of equations.
We will use substitution to solve. Solve the first equation for [latex]b[/latex].
[latex]\begin{eqnarray*}b+f&=&21,540\\b&=&-f+21,540\end{eqnarray*}[/latex]
Substitute [latex]b=−f+21,540[/latex] into the second equation.
[latex]\begin{eqnarray*}0.105{\color{red}{b}}+0.59f&=&1,669.68\\0.105({\color{red}{-}}{\color{red}{f}}{\color{red}{+}}{\color{red}{21}}{\color{red}{,}}{\color{red}{540}})+0.59f&=&1,669.68\end{eqnarray*}[/latex]
Simplify and solve for [latex]f[/latex].
[latex]\begin{eqnarray*}-0.105f+2,261.70+0.059f&=&1,669.68\\-0.46f+2,261.70&=&1,669.68\\-0.046f&=&-592.02\\f&=&12,870\end{eqnarray*}[/latex]
To find b, substitute [latex]f=12,870[/latex] into the first equation.
[latex]\begin{eqnarray*}{b+\color{red}{f}}&=&21,540\\{b+\color{red}{12}}{\color{red}{,}}{\color{red}{870}}&=&21,540\\b&=&8,670\\\end{eqnarray*}[/latex]
Step 6: Check the answer to the problem.
We leave the check to you.
Step 7: Answer the question.
The principal of the bank loan is [latex]$8670[/latex] and the principal for the federal loan is [latex]$12,870.[/latex]
Try It
14) Translate to a system of equations and solve: Laura owes [latex]$18,000[/latex] on her student loans. The interest rate on a bank loan is [latex]2.5%[/latex] and the interest rate on a federal loan is [latex]6.9%[/latex]. The total amount of interest she paid last year was [latex]$1,066[/latex]. What was the principal for each loan?
Solution
The principal amount for the bank loan was [latex]$4,000[/latex]. The principal amount for the federal loan was [latex]$14,000[/latex].
15) Translate to a system of equations and solve: Jill’s Sandwich Shoppe owes [latex]$65,200[/latex] on two business loans, one at [latex]4.5%[/latex] interest and the other at [latex]7.2%[/latex] interest. The total amount of interest owed last year was [latex]$3,582[/latex]. What was the principal for each loan?
Solution
The principal amount for was [latex]$41,200[/latex] at [latex]4.5%[/latex]. The principal amount was, [latex]$24,000[/latex] at [latex]7.2%[/latex].
Access these online resources for additional instruction and practice with solving application problems with systems of linear equations.
Key Concepts
Table for coin and mixture applications
Table for concentration applications
Table for interest applications
Exercises: Solve Mixture Applications
Instructions: For questions 1-24, translate to a system of equations and solve.
Solution
There [latex]1120[/latex] adult tickets and [latex]530[/latex] child tickets sold.
Solution
Josie bought [latex]40[/latex] adult tickets and [latex]32[/latex] children tickets.
Solution
There were [latex]125[/latex] adult tickets and [latex]128[/latex] children tickets sold.
Solution
Brandon has [latex]12[/latex] quarters and [latex]8[/latex] dimes.
Solution
Peter had [latex]11[/latex] dimes and [latex]48[/latex] quarters.
Solution
The cashier has fourteen [latex]$10[/latex] bills and sixteen [latex]$20[/latex] bills.
Solution
Marissa should use [latex]60[/latex] pounds of the [latex]$1.20\text{/lb}[/latex] candy and [latex]30[/latex] pounds of the [latex]$1.80\text{/lb}[/latex] candy.
Solution
Hannah needs [latex]10[/latex] gallons of soda and [latex]15[/latex] gallons of fruit drink.
Solution
Julia and her husband should buy [latex]12[/latex] pounds of City Roast Columbian coffee and [latex]8[/latex] pounds of French Roast Columbian coffee.
Solution
Jotham should mix [latex]42[/latex] liters of the [latex]30\%[/latex] solution and [latex]28[/latex] liters of the [latex]80\%[/latex] solution.
20. Joy is preparing [latex]15[/latex] liters of a [latex]25\%[/latex] saline solution. She only has [latex]40\%[/latex] and [latex]10\%[/latex] solution in her lab. How many liters of the [latex]40\%[/latex] and how many liters of the [latex]10\%[/latex] should she mix to make the [latex]25\%[/latex] solution?
Solution
The scientist should mix [latex]15[/latex] liters of the [latex]25\%[/latex] solution and [latex]50[/latex] liters of the [latex]12\%[/latex] solution.
Solution
[latex]160[/latex] liters of the [latex]40\%[/latex] solution and [latex]80[/latex] liters of the [latex]70\%[/latex] solution will be used.
Exercises: Solve Interest Applications
Instructions: For questions 25-32, translate to a system of equations and solve.
Solution
Hattie should invest [latex]$900[/latex] at [latex]12\%[/latex] and [latex]$2\text{,}100[/latex] at [latex]10\%[/latex].
Solution
Sam invested [latex]$28\text{,}000[/latex] at [latex]10\%[/latex] and [latex]$20\text{,}000[/latex] at [latex]6\%[/latex].
Solution
The federal loan is [latex]$62\text{,}500[/latex] and the bank loan is [latex]$3\text{,}300[/latex].
Solution
[latex]$12\text{,}000[/latex] should be invested at [latex]5.25\%[/latex] and [latex]$13\text{,}000[/latex] should be invested at [latex]4\%[/latex].
Exercises: Everyday Math
Instructions: For questions 33-34, translate to a system of equations and solve.
Solution
[latex]14[/latex] boys paid the full-year fee. [latex]4[/latex] boys paid the partial-year fee,
Exercises: Writing Exercises
Instructions: For questions 35-36, answer the given writing exercises.
Solution
Answers will vary.
