6 Chapter Six: Aging in Sport
Section One: The Fundamentals
A) Keywords
Exercise 1:
Provide a brief definition of one of the padlet keywords for this week.
The anti aging agenda is the idea that growing older is something to resist or delay rather than embrace. It promotes youth as ideal and aging as decline. As Elizabeth Pike explains, older adults are encouraged to stay active not just for well being but to avoid being seen as a burden. This creates pressure to maintain a youthful image and places responsibility on individuals rather than addressing broader social inequalities. The agenda overlooks the value of aging and instead treats it as something to fix, rather than a natural and meaningful part of life. |
B) The Social Significance of Aging in Sport
Exercise 2: Notebook Prompt
How is old age popularly represented today? Find an image online that you think exemplifies one defining attitude towards old age and paste in your notebook below with a brief explanation of what this image means to you.
Old age today is usually explained in two conflicting ways: either as a necessary period of physical and mental decline or as a period of “active aging,” during which older individuals defy expectations by being physically active and socially engaged.
An illustrative example of this evolving perception is Ashu Jain, a 53-year-old participant on MTV Roadies, a reality television program in India typically associated with individuals in their late teens and early twenties. Known by her Instagram handle @not_just_a_grandma, Jain competed in physically demanding challenges, including a squat competition against significantly younger participants. The image of her confidently engaging in these activities exemplifies a redefinition of aging, one that emphasizes strength, vitality, and continued personal growth. This representation is particularly meaningful as it challenges ageist stereotypes associating aging with frailty or irrelevance. Instead, it presents aging as a dynamic phase of life wherein individuals can continue to pursue new experiences and demonstrate resilience. Through her participation, Jain embodies the idea that age is not a barrier to capability or ambition, thereby contributing to a broader cultural shift in how aging is understood and valued.
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Exercise 3: Notebook Prompt
What does the article (referencing another study by Dionigi) mean by its statement that sport can help aging people to simultaneously “accept and resist the ageing process” (572)? Respond by audio or text and find paste two images sourced online into your notebook showing how sport might help aging people to both accept and resist the aging process.
In Assessing the Sociology of Sport: On Age and Ability, Elizabeth Pike, referencing Dionigi, explains that sport enables older individuals to both accept and resist the aging process. This reflects a dual experience in which physical activity becomes a meaningful tool for older adults as they navigate the realities of aging. On one hand, sport encourages the acceptance of aging by helping individuals acknowledge and adapt to the physical and physiological changes that naturally occur later in life. When older adults participate in age-appropriate physical activities, such as modified fitness programs or low-impact sports, they engage with their current abilities realistically and healthily. This acceptance fosters a positive self-concept that is grounded in self-awareness, well-being, and active living rather than decline. On the other hand, sport also offers a way to resist the limitations and stereotypes often associated with aging. When older adults remain physically active, they challenge assumptions that aging leads only to weakness or social withdrawal. Activities like strength training or competitive play demonstrate their resilience and capacity for growth. In doing so, they defy cultural messages that equate aging with decline, showing that it is possible to remain strong, engaged, and capable well into later life. For example, one of the images depicts an elderly guy weightlifting while being coached by a younger trainer. This artwork depicts resistance to aging via the use of strength, discipline, and intergenerational support. Another image depicts a group of senior individuals playing pickleball. This graphic depicts acceptance and resistance as the players acquire social involvement, physical activity, and community growth while embracing their current life stage. When combined, these instances show how sport is fostering a more positive and empowered view of aging that values change and ongoing ability.
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Exercise 4: Notebook Prompt
Who are the groups less likely to have extensive opportunities to take part in sports, according to Pike? How does privilege factor into aging and sport? (200 words max)
In the opinion of Elizabeth Pike, those groups that are less likely to have many chances to engage in sport as they get older are lower socio-economic groups, ethnic minorities, women, and disabled or chronically sick people. These groups are likely to experience many barriers such as limited financial resources, no available facilities, cultural prohibition, and little targeted support.
Privilege plays an important role in determining who has access to sports later in life. Older adults who are economically stable, healthy, and members of the dominant social groups will likely have access to the available infrastructure and programming. They will often have access to transport, well-kept recreation facilities, and culturally appropriate programs that encourage continued participation. Marginalized groups may face multiple mechanisms of exclusion based on their social identity, health, or economic status. This unequal distribution of resources guarantees that the concept of active aging by means of sport is not equitably available. Privileged groups are more likely to utilize sport as a resource to maintain health and be socially connected, with others being excluded from these benefits. These inequalities must be addressed to ensure that the benefits of sport are made available to all aging groups regardless of their status.
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Exercise 5: Padlet Discussion
Why do you think age discrimination is “reported more than any form of prejudice” with older people presented as a threat to social values and interests? Feel welcome to use video in your responses. Paste your comments (or transcript of your video) below!
Age discrimination is also frequently reported more than other forms of prejudice, primarily due to prevalent social stories that cast older adults as economic and social burdens. In contemporary societies, older adults are frequently represented as being major threats to health care systems, pension systems, and public finances. Such representations amplify fears about managing resources, which makes many people view older adults as posing threats to economic stability and social order.
Moreover, the current cultural values emphasize productivity, autonomy, and adaptability, features that are stereotypically associated with younger age groups. Older people, by contrast, are stereotypically regarded as less adaptable, less productive, and economically dependent, and this creates discriminatory perceptions and attitudes. These attitudes are supported by neoliberal paradigms that prioritize individual independence, full participation in the labor market, and minimal social support dependency. Under these paradigms, older people are commonly portrayed as incompatible with contemporary economic and social objectives. In addition, demographic shifts toward aging worldwide have grown public discussion and media coverage of age concerns, which subsequently made age discrimination more open and highly reported. Social narratives around becoming older consequently revolve more on intergenerational conflict, wherein the aging population is characterized as competitors for limited resources, hence igniting intergenerational tensions and entrenching discriminatory dispositions.
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B) Older Women and Sport
Exercise 6: Notebook Prompt
What differences do you see in these ads? Which one is more inclusive? How is age represented or not represented in each? Answer these questions in your notebook.
Nike, You Can’t Stop Us and This Girl Can Me Again both depict powerful messages of empowerment and perseverance, but the two differ with regard to their focus, diversity, and youth representation.
This Girl Can Me Again is an account of an individual woman finding her confidence back and reconnecting with her own body. Emotional emphasis is put on self-improvement and self-expression. The woman in the advertisement is middle-aged, overtly challenging stereotypical perceptions associating youth and subsequently fitness and athleticism. Her powerful message, “I said it with my chest,” is an expression of outstanding authenticity and power. The advert here shows that energy and confidence do not come with any age restrictions, hence the advert itself can be a valuable depiction of aging women and their place in sport and exercise. Nike You Can’t Stop Us highlights global unity, collective dedication, and social change. The advert features a multicultural team of sportspeople and activists, showing people breaking barriers through teamwork and perseverance. While it is multicultural, multigender, and multidisabled, the actors featured are largely youth. The absence of older athletes suggests that age is not central in this campaign. Regarding overall inclusivity, the Nike ad features a wide range of identities but not necessarily older people. This Girl Can Me Again is more age-inclusive in representation and defies narrow presumptions about who might be confident, active, and strong. It highlights an older woman and broadens the empowerment narrative to include people in late stages of life, which is overlooked in popular culture.
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Exercise 7: Notebook Prompt
In her article, “Assessing the sociology of sport: On age and ability,” Elizabeth Pike references a “trend towards a ‘feminisation of ageing’, with many women living longer than men” (573). Do you agree that aging has been “feminized” in this way? How? Answer these questions in your notebook.
Yes, I think that aging has been feminized, as suggested by Elizabeth Pike in her article “Assessing the Sociology of Sport: On Age and Ability.” This can be seen both in statistical patterns and in how society comes to know and represent aging.
Women live longer than men, and hence, older age groups consist of more women. This has produced images and narratives around aging that concentrate on the woman’s experience. Older women feature in images and policy documents, and issues like isolation, health, widowhood, and appearance are discussed using a gendered women’s framework repeatedly. Thus, aging is presented as more of the woman’s experience. Socially and culturally, older women also possess specific expectations over men. They are more likely to be criticized on the grounds of their looks and have to work twice as hard to maintain a youthful appearance. While men get wiser or respected with increasing age, women in old age are deemed to be less seen or less significant. Society places greater value on women’s beauty and youth, placing even more pressure on women as they age. Older women are also more likely to perform care work for a spouse or family members, further constructing aging being lived and understood. Such care work tends to be hidden or unpaid but is central to aging being lived by many women. Due to these factors, aging is usually imagined in a gendered context and therefore the idea of feminized aging is both correct and significant. |
Section Three: Module Mini Assignment
References: Heo, J., & Ryu, J. (2024). Maintaining active lifestyle through pickleball: A qualitative exploration of older pickleball players. International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 98(4), 469–483. https://doi.org/10.1177/00914150231155681 Kim, A. C. H., Ryu, J., Lee, C., Kim, K. M., & Heo, J. (2021). Sport participation and happiness among older adults: A mediating role of social capital. Journal of Happiness Studies, 22(4), 1623–1641. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-020-00278-x Meisner, B. A. (2021). Are you OK, Boomer? Intensification of ageism and intergenerational tensions on social media amid COVID-19. Leisure Sciences, 43(1–2), 56–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2020.1773983 Najm, M., Lapierre, L., Gervais, M.-J., & Chowdhury, F. (2024). Representations of a physically active lifestyle in an aging population: An exploratory study. Loisir et Société / Society and Leisure, 47(2), 233–245. https://doi.org/10.1080/07053436.2023.2254205 Pike, E. (2011). Assessing the sociology of sport: On age and ability. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 46(4), 491–496. https://doi.org/10.1177/1012690211403193 Reynolds, E., Daum, D. N., Frimming, R., & Ehlman, K. (2016). Pickleball transcends the generations in Southwest Indiana: A university and area agency on aging partnership changing the face of aging. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 14(3), 242–251. https://doi.org/10.1080/15350770.2016.1192561 Anselmi, E. (2024, April 8). Is a park still a park if it’s paved? The Narwhal. https://thenarwhal.ca/peterborough-pickleball-bonnerworth-park
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