7.8 References & Media Attributions

Buchanan, J. (April 2, 2015). Vested interest is the driver of prohibition. World Press. https://julianbuchanan.wordpress.com/2015/04/02/15-benefits-from-the-war-on-drugs/.

Burrus, T. (March 19, 2019.) The hidden costs of drug prohibition. CATO Institute. https://www.cato.org/publications/commentary/hidden-costs-drug-prohibition

Canada. (March 2021). Opioid- and stimulant-related harms in Canada. https://health-infobase.canada.ca/substance-related-harms/opioids-stimulants/

Canada. (October 2023). Cannabis crime statistics in Canada, 2020. Just Facts. https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/rp-pr/jr/jf-pf/2022/jun.html

Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction (CCSA). (2020). Canadian substance use costs and harms 2015-2017. Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research. https://csuch.ca/publications/CSUCH-Canadian-Substance-Use-Costs-Harms-Report-2020-en.pdf

Canadian Drug Policy Coalition (CDPC). (October 7, 2020). Discussion guide: Getting to tomorrow – Ending the overdose crisis, beyond COVID-19. https://gettingtotomorrow.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Discussion-Guide-EN.pdf.

Carter, C. & MacPherson, D. (2013). Getting to tomorrow: A report on Canadian drug policy. Canadian Drug Policy Alliance. https://tinyurl.com/y6b7fopo.

Daniels, C., Aluso, A., Burke-Shyune, N., Koram, K., Rajagopalan, S., Robinson, I., Shelly, S., Shirley-Beavan, S. & Trandon, T. (2021). Decolonizing drug policy. Harm Reduction Journal, 19(120). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-021-00564-7

Drug Policy Alliance (DPA). (n.d.). Race and the war on drugs. https://drugpolicy.org/issues/race-and-drug-war

Drug Policy Alliance. (n.d.). What is the difference between cocaine and crack? https://drugpolicy.org/drug-facts/cocaine/difference-crack 

ESCR-NET. (n.d.). Corporate Capture Project. https://www.escr-net.org/corporateaccountability/corporatecapture

Fordham, A. (June 29, 2021). How the United States fueled a global drug war, and why it must end. Open Societies Foundation. https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/voices/how-the-united-states-fueled-a-global-drug-war-and-why-it-must-end

Fryklund, I. (September 29, 2015). Prohibition Is the real “gateway drug”. Huffington Post. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/prohibition-is-the-real-g_b_8210802

Global Health Watch. (December 18, 2017). The war on drugs: From law enforcement to public health.  https://phmovement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/C6.pdf

Harm Reduction International. (2022). The death penalty for drug offences: Global overview 2022. https://hri.global/flagship-research/death-penalty/the-death-penalty-for-drug-offences-global-overview-2022/#:~:text=In%20the%20course%20of%202022,an%20850%25%20increase%20from%202020.

History.com Editors. (December 17, 2019). War on drugs.
https://www.history.com/topics/crime/the-war-on-drugs

Ka Hon Chu, S. (November 12, 2020). Decriminalizing people who use drugs: A primer for municipal and provincial governments. HIV Legal Network. https://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2020/hl/comm/communicationfile-123082.pdf

Levine, H. (2003). Global drug prohibition: its uses and crises. International Journal of Drug Policy, 14, 145-153. https://qcpages.qc.cuny.edu/~hlevine/hglevine-global-drug-prohibition.pdf

Levine, H. (2002). The secret of worldwide drug prohibition: The varieties and uses of drug prohibition. The Independent, 7(2), 165-180.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/24562664

Okeh, N. (September 9, 2021). Say this instead: “blacklist,” “blackball,” “blackmail,” “black market,” etc. PracticalESG.com.
https://practicalesg.com/2021/09/say-this-instead

Palamar, J. , Davies, S., Ompad, D., Cleland, C. and Weitzman, M. (February 2, 2015). Powder cocaine and crack use in the United States: An examination of risk for arrest and socioeconomic disparities in use. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 149(1), 108-116.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.01.029

Riley, D. (November 1998). Drugs and drug policy in Canada: A brief review & commentary. Senate of Canada. https://sencanada.ca/content/sen/committee/371/ille/library/riley-e.pdf

Rosenberg, A., Groves, A., & Blankenship, K. (January 1, 2018). Comparing black and white drug offenders: Implications for racial disparities in criminal justice and reentry policy and programming. Journal Drug Issues, 47(1), 132-142.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5614457/

Santos, A. (October 20, 2020). Drug policy reform in the Americas: A welcome challenge to international law. American Journal of International Law, 114. https://doi.org/10.1017/aju.2020.59

The Chief Staff. (March 11, 2021). Stop calling it an ‘overdose” crisis, Squamish. The Squamish Chief.
https://www.squamishchief.com/opinion/editorial-stop-calling-it-an-overdose-crisis-squamish-3533325

The World Bank (March 2019). Social safety nets.  https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/safetynets#1 

Submissions to the United Nations high commissioner for human rights by the HIV Legal Network and the Centre on Drug Policy Evaluation. (December 2, 2020). HIV Legal Network and the Centre on Drug Policy. https://www.hivlegalnetwork.ca/site/submission-to-the-united-nations-high-commissioner-for-human-rights-by-hln-and-cdpe/?lang=en

Vagins, D. & McCurdy, J. (October 2006). Cracks in the system – Twenty years of the unjust federal crack cocaine law. American Civil Liberties Union. https://www.aclu.org/sites/default/files/field_document/cracksinsystem_20061025.pdf

Media Attributions

Canadian Drug Policy Coalition (CDPC). (March 12, 2021). Outcomes of our current drug policies [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/MdyDCTgi28Q

Drug Policy Alliance. (September 15, 2016). What is the drug war? With Jay-Z & Molly Crabtree [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HSozqaVcOU8

Global Commission on Drug Policy. (June 26, 2020). Envisage the world after the war on drugs [Video]. Youtube. https://youtu.be/mDW7MBFE7_M

Hawk, T. (September 21, 2009). Police stop [Photograph]. Flickr. https://www.flickr.com/photos/thomashawk/7672715878

Human Rights Watch. (October 11, 2016). Every 25 seconds, someone is arrested for drug possession in the US [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/tp8fWvVJpLU

Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell. (March 2016). Why the war on drugs is a huge failure [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wJUXLqNHCaI&t=13s

Learn Liberty. (March 12, 2012). What you should know about drug prohibition [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/kSXKHLkK4jI

Lewis, J. (2022). Examples of psychoactive drugs [Photograph].

TED. (November 12, 2014). Ethan Nadelmann: Why we need to end the war on drugs [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWfLwKH_Eko&t=1s

The U.S. National Archives. (n.d.). Governor Ronald Reagan, Nancy Reagan, President Richard Nixon, Pat Nixon and Senator George Murphy at the Western White House, La Casa Pacifica, in San Clemente, California [Photograph]. U.S. National Archives & DVIDS. https://nara.getarchive.net/media/governor-ronald-reagan-nancy-reagan-president-richard-nixon-pat-nixon-and-senator-d9abe2

Cover Photo: Pickering, V. (May 2017). No more drug war [Photograph]. Flickr.  https://www.flickr.com/photos/vpickering/34571201971