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9.6 Unit Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

Pharmacogenomics involves tailoring medications based on a person’s genome, which influences drug response and susceptibility to adverse effects. This field relies on sequencing the genomes of many individuals to identify genetic variations that affect drug metabolism (pharmacokinetics) and drug-target interactions (pharmacodynamics). Examples include genomic variants that are linked to severe reactions like Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Guidelines from organizations like CPIC facilitate integrating genetic test results into clinical practice to optimize therapy. Challenges include translating test results into actionable recommendations and addressing variations in testing methods and allele detection.

Additional Optional Readings

  1. Bugada, D., Lorini, L. F., Fumagalli, R., & Allegri, M. (2020). Genetics and opioids: Towards more appropriate prescription in cancer pain. Cancers, 12(7), 1951. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12071951
  2. Cacabelos, R., Cacabelos, N., & Carril, J. C. (2019). The role of pharmacogenomics in adverse drug reactions. Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 12(5), 407–442. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512433.2019.1597706
  3. Islam, F., Gorbovskaya, I., & Müller, D. J. (2021). Pharmacogenetic/pharmacogenomic tests for treatment prediction in depression. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 1305, 231–255. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6044-0_13
  4. Morris, S. A., Alsaidi, A. T., Verbyla, A., Cruz, A., Macfarlane, C., Bauer, J., & Patel, J. N. (2022). Cost effectiveness of pharmacogenetic testing for drugs with Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guidelines: A systematic review. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 112(6), 1318–1328. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.2754
  5. Schuh, M. J., Randles, H., & Crosby, S. (2020). Improving pain management with pharmacogenomics: A general introduction. Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy, 34(3), 114–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/15360288.2020.1734140
  6. Stocco, G., Lucafò, M., & Decorti, G. (2020). Pharmacogenomics of antibiotics. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21175975

Attribution and References

Key takeaways generated using ChatGPT. Prompt: “summarize this text in a few sentences, ignoring images, captions, citations and web references.” The output was then edited by Andrea Gretchev.

References

ChatGPT: OpenAI. (2024). ChatGPT (Version 4.0) [Large language model]. https://openai.com

License

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Precision Healthcare: Genomics-Informed Nursing Copyright © 2025 by Andrea Gretchev, RN, MN, CCNE is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.

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