Amanda Egert; Manu Gill; and Kimberly Lee

this is a concept map for pain

Image Description

Pain concept map description: This is a concept map that shows the components of pain. It starts with the definition for pain: an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Then, the concept map continues through the following categories:

Scope

  • Minimal
  • Moderate
  • Severe

Variations

  • Acute
  • Chronic
  • Nociceptive
  • Neuropathic

Assessment

  • pain scale
  • vital signs
  • non-verbal (grimacing, moaning, guarding)
  • adverse effects of opioids (respiratory depression nausea, pruritis, constipation)

Management

  • non-opioids (acetaminophen, salicylates, NSAIDs )
  • opioids (morphine, hydromorphone, fentanyl; Routes – epidural, PCA, tablets, & PRN due to breakthrough pain)
  • adjuvant (baclofen, cyclobenzaprine)
  • Anesthetic (local, regional, general)
  • Naloxone (for opioid overdose)

Consequences

  • Goal
    • pain control
  • complications of unrelieved pain
    • physiological stress response
    • impaired mobility
    • chronic pain
    • sleep disturbances

 

Physiological Process

  • Transduction
    • tissue injury & inflammation activate nociceptors
  • Transmission
    • C fibres transmit the pain impulse to the spinal cord  and activate 2nd order neurons that transmit the impulse to the brain
  • Perception
    • pain is perceived and responses are activated
  • Modulation

 

License

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Fundamentals of Nursing Pharmacology - Mohawk College Edition Copyright © 2023 by Chippewa Valley Technical College; Amanda Egert; Kimberly Lee; and Manu Gill is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.

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