G

gamete (GAM-ēt):

Haploid reproductive cell that contributes genetic material to form an offspring.

gangliitis (gang-glē-Ī-tĭs):

Inflammation of the ganglion.

ganglion (GANG-glē-ŏn):

Localized collection of neuron cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system.

ganglionectomy (gang-lē-ō-NĔK-tō-mē):

Excision of a ganglion.

gangrene (GANG-grēn):

Death of tissue due to blood supply loss.

gastrectomy (ga-STREK-tŏ-mē):

Excision of the stomach.

gastric (GAS-trik):

Pertaining to the stomach.

gastritis (gas-TRĪT-ĭs):

Inflammation of the stomach.

gastroenteritis (gas-trō-ent-ĕ-RĪT-ĭs):

Inflammation of the stomach and intestines.

gastroenterocolitis (găs-trō-ĕn-tĕr-ō-kŏl-Ī-tĭs):

Inflammation of the stomach, intestines, and colon.

gastroenterology (găs-trō-ĕn-tĕr-ŎL-ă-jē):

Study of the stomach and intestines.

gastrojejunostomy (găs-trō-jĕ-jū-NŎS-tō-mē):

Creation of an artificial opening between the stomach and the jejunum.

gastroplasty (GĂS-trō-plăs-tē):

Surgical repair of the stomach.

gastroscope (GAS-trŏ-skōp):

Instrument used to view the stomach.

gastroscopy (gas-TROS-kŏ-pē):

Process of viewing the stomach.

gastrostomy (găs-TRŎS-tō-mē):

Creation of an artificial opening in the stomach.

genetic recombination (jĕn-ĔT-ĭk rē-kom-bĭ-NĀ-shŏn):

The combining of gene segments from two different pathogens.

genital herpes (EN-ĭt-ăl HĔRP-ēz):

A sexually transmitted disease characterized by blisters in the genital area, caused by the herpes simplex virus type 2.

gestation (jes-TĀ-shŏn):

The process of being pregnant.

gestational diabetes (jes-TĀ-shŏn-al dī-ă-BĒT-ēz):

The condition or developing diabetes during pregnancy. The newborn tend to be large at delivery and the mother is monitored closely for weight gain and glucose testing. The goal is to balance the sugars so the fetus is not too large for a vaginal delivery.

gestational hypertension (jes-TĀ-shŏn hī-pĕr-TEN-shŏn):

A condition where there is an increase in blood pressure during pregnancy. Blood pressure is monitoring closely during pregnancy for the safety of the mother and infant.

gingivectomy (jĭn-jĭ-VĔK-tō-mē):

Excision of the gums.

gingivitis (jin-jĭ-VĪT-ĭs):

Inflammation of the gums.

glans penis (glanz PĒ-nēz):

Bulbous end of the penis that contains a large number of nerve endings.

glial cell (GLĪ-ăl sel):

One of the various types of neural tissue cells responsible for maintenance of the tissue, and largely responsible for supporting neurons.

glioblastoma (glī-ō-blăs-TŌ-mă):

Tumor composed of developing glial tissue.

gliocyte (GLĪ-ŏ-sīt):

Glial cell.

glioma (glī-Ō-mă):

Tumor composed of the glial tissue.

glomerulonephritis (glō-mer-yŭ-lō-nĕ-FRĪT-ĭs):

Inflammation of the gomeruli of the kidney.

glossitis (glo-SĪT-ĭs):

Inflammation of the tongue.

glossopharyngeal (glos-ō-fă-RIN-j(ē-)ăl):

Pertaining to tongue and throat.

glossorrhaphy (glŏ-SOR-ă-fē):

Suturing of the tongue.

glottis (GLOT-ĭs):

The glottis is composed of the vestibular folds, the true vocal cords, and the space between these folds.

glycemia (glī-SĒ-mē-ă):

Sugar in the blood.

glycosuria (glī-kō-SHOOR-ē-ă):

Sugar (glucose) in the urine.

gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) (gō-nad-ŏ-TRŌ-pĭn ri-LĒS-ing HOR-mōn):

Hormone released by the hypothalamus that regulates the production of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone from the pituitary gland.

gonads (GŌ-nads):

Reproductive organs (testes in men and ovaries in women) that produce gametes and reproductive hormones.

gonorrhea (gon-ŏ-RĒ-ă):

A sexually transmitted disease involving inflammatory discharge from the urethra or vagina.

graft-versus-host disease:

In bone marrow transplants, occurs when the transplanted cells mount an immune response against the recipient.

gravida (GRĂV-ĭ-dă):

Pregnant (woman) Note, that this is referring to a woman who is or has been pregnant regardless of outcome.

gray matter (gray MAT-ĕr):

Regions of the nervous system containing cell bodies of neurons with few or no myelinated axons; actually may be more pink or tan in color, but called gray in contrast to white matter.

great vessels (grăt VES-ĕls):

The great vessels include the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, aorta and pulmonary trunk.

gynecologist (gīn-ĕ-KOL-ŏ-jĭst):

Specialist in the study and treatment of the female reproductive system.

gynecology (gī-nĕ-KOL-ŏ-jē):

The study of the female reproductive system.

gynopathic (gī-nō-PATH-ĭk):

Pertaining to the women.

gyrus/gyri (JĪ-rŭs/JĪ-rī):

Ridge formed by convolutions on the surface of the cerebrum or cerebellum.

Attribution

Except where otherwise noted, this book is adapted from Medical Terminology by Grimm et al. (2022), Nicolet College, CC BY 4.0 International. / A derivative of Building a Medical Terminology Foundation by Carter & Rutherford (2020), and Anatomy and Physiology by Betts, et al., CC BY 4.0, which can be accessed for free at OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology.