Reports
Reports
There are multiple kinds of reports, including annual reports, government reports, technical reports and research reports. Regardless of the kind of report, the citation format is similar, with minor variations.
Reference List Entry: Format (10.4)
Author, A. (Date). Title of report (Report number, if applicable). Publisher Name. URL or DOI if applicable
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Hint! The author of an annual report is usually the organization that produced it, unless otherwise specified in the report. In this case, in the reference list entry, the organization would be listed as the author (9.7).
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Reference List Entry: Example
Gwartney, J., Lawson, R., Hall, J., & Murphy, R. (2019). Economic freedom of the world: 2019 annual report. Fraser Institute.
Parenthetical Citation (Paraphrase)
(Author, Date), (Author & Author, Date) or (Author et al., Date) for reports with three or more authors, e.g.: (Gwartney et al., 2019)
Parenthetical Citation (Direct Quotation)
(Author, Date, Page number), (Author & Author, Date, Page number) or (Author et al., Date, Page number) for reports with three or more authors, e.g.: (Gwartney et al., 2019, p. 10)
Narrative Citation (Paraphrase)
Author (Date), Author & Author (Date) or Author et al. (Date) for reports with three or more authors, e.g.: Gwartney et al. (2019)
Narrative Citation (Direct Quotation)
Author (Date, Page number), Author & Author (Date, Page number) or Author et al. (Date, Page number) for reports with three or more authors, e.g.: Gwartney et al. (2019, p. 10)
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Sources
American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association: The official guide to APA style. (7th ed.).
A report is a document or a statement that presents information in an organized format for a specific audience and purpose. There are multiple kinds of reports, including annual reports, government reports, technical reports and research reports.
Citing is the process of acknowledging the sources of information and ideas. This takes the form of a citation. Citations must include specific pieces of information and must follow a consistent format. There are two parts of a citation – the in-text citation, and the reference list entry.
In an APA Style citation, the author is the person or people, or the group responsible for creating the work. An author can be a single person, multiple people, a group like an institution or a government agency, or a combination of individuals and groups.
In an APA Style citation, the date refers to the date of publication.
In an APA Style in-text citation or reference list entry, the title refers to the name of the work being cited.
URLs are persistent links to information on the Internet. URLs can be found in the address bar of the web browser.
DOI stands for Digital Object Identifier. A DOI is a string of numbers, letters and symbols used to permanently identify an article or document, and to link to it online. A DOI will help to easily locate a document from a reference list. The DOI will always refer to the same article, and only that article. DOIs can usually be found on the article itself, either on the first page, or in the header or footer of the article.
