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In addition to models of communication, many theoretical approaches can be used to inform your communication with clients and families. The theoretical approach you select may depend on the client population you work with, the institution you work in, and personal preference based on your expertise and experience.

Common approaches that align with nursing and therapeutic communication are a trauma-informed approach, a relational inquiry approach, and an anti-racist approach.  The following sections provide an overview of each approach with an accompanying case study as an example.