Appendix IV: Summary of Vocabulary Tables (Greek)
| Table 16.1: GREEK FIRST DECLENSION NOUNS | |||
| GK. NOUN | TRANSLITERATION | ENG. MEANING | ENG. DERIVATIVE |
| γη | gē (base gē-) | earth | geography |
| κεφαλε | kephalē | head | cephalic |
| μορφη | morphē | form | morphology |
| τεχνη | technē | art, skill | technical |
| φωνη | phōnē | voice, sound | phonograph |
| ψυχη | psychē | breath, spirit, soul | psychology |
| γλωσσα | glōssa | tongue | gloss, glossary |
| (γλωττα) | (glōtta) | (polyglot) | |
| καρδια | kardia | heart | cardiac |
| μουσα | mousa | muse | music, musical |
| σφαιρα | sphaira | ball, globe | spherical |
| Table 16.2: GREEK SECOND DECLENSION NOUNS IN -ος | |||
| GK. NOUN | TRANSLITERATION | ENG. MEANING | ENG. DERIVATIVE |
| ἀνθρωπος | anthrōpos | man (= human) | anthropology |
| βιος | bios | life | biology |
| γαμος | gamos | marriage | bigamy |
| δακτυλος | daktylos | finger | dactyl |
| δημος | dēmos | people | demography |
| θεος | theos | god | monotheism |
| κυκλος | kyklos | wheel, circle | cycle |
| λιθος | lithos | stone | lithograph |
| νεκρος | nekros |
corpse | necropolis |
| ξενος | xenos |
stranger | xenophobia |
| οἰκος | oikos |
house | ecology |
| ὀφθαλμος | ophthalmos |
eye | ophthalmologist |
| τοπος | topos |
place | topic |
| χρονος | chronos | time | chronicle |
| Table 16.3: GREEK SECOND DECLENSION NOUNS IN –ον | |||
| GK. NOUN | TRANSLITERATION | ENG. MEANING | ENG. DERIVATIVE |
| ζωον | zōon | animal | zoology |
| θεατρον | theatron | viewing-place | theatre |
| κεντρον | kentron |
sharp point, goad | centre |
| μετρον | metron | measure | metre, metric |
| νευρον | neuron | sinew, [nerve] | neurology |
| ὀργανον | organon |
tool, instrument | organ |
| ὀστεον | osteon | bone | osteopath |
| πτερον | pteron | feather, wing | pterodactyl |
| Table 18.1: GREEK THIRD DECLENSION NOUNS | |||
| GREEK NOUN | TRANSLITERATION (BASE) | ENG. MEANING | DERIVATIVE |
| ἀηρ | aēr | air | aerodynamic |
| πυρ | pyr | fire | pyromania |
| ὑδωρ | hydōr (hydr-) | water | hydraulic |
| δαιμων | daimōn | god, spirit | demonic |
| χειρ | cheir | hand | chiropractor |
| πους, ποδος | pous, pod- | foot | podiatrist |
| γαστηρ, γαστρος | gastēr, gastr- | stomach | gastronomy |
| ὀδους, ὀδοντος | odous, odont- | tooth | orthodontic |
| ῥις, ῥινος | rhis, rhin- | nose | rhinoceros |
| φως, φωτος | phōs, phōt- | light | photograph |
| ἀνηρ, ἀνδρος | anēr, andr- | man | polyandry |
| γυνη, γυναικος | gynē, gynaik- | woman | gynecology |
| παις, παιδος | pais, paid- | child | p(a)ediatric |
| γερων, γεροντος | gerōn, geront- | old man | gerontology |
| πολις | polis | city | acropolis |
| ἀλγος | algos (alg-) | pain | neuralgia |
| βαρος | baros (bar-) | weight | barometer |
| ἐθνος | ethnos (ethn-) | nation | ethnic |
| ἠθος | ēthos (ēth-) | custom, character | ethos |
| αἱμα, αἱματος | haima, haimat- | blood | haemophilia |
| δερμα, δερματος | derma, dermat- | skin | hypodermic |
| ὀνυμα, ὀνυματος | onyma, onymat- | name | synonym |
| (ὀνομα, ὀνοματος) | (onoma, onomat-) | onomatopoeia |
|
| σωμα, σωματος | sōma, sōmat- | body | psychosomatic |
| χρωμα, χρωματος | chrōma, chrōmat- | colour | chromosome |
| Table 19.1: GREEK 1ST AND 2ND DECLENSION ADJECTIVES | |||
| ADJECTIVE | TRANSLITERATION | ENG. MEANING | ENG. DERIVATIVE |
| ἀκρος | akros | top(most) | acropolis |
| αὐτος | autos | self | autograph |
| ἑτερος | heteros | other | heterodox |
| ὁμος | homos | same | homomorphic |
| ἰσος | isos | equal | isometric |
| ὀρθος | orthos | straight, right | orthodontic |
| νεος | neos | new | neologism |
| παλαιος | palaios | old | palaeography |
| Table 19.2: GREEK 3RD DECLENSION (AND OTHER) ADJECTIVES | |||
| ADJECTIVE | TRANSLITERATION | ENG. MEANING | ENG. DERIVATIVE |
| μεγας | megas (mega-) | great, large | megaphone |
| (megal-) | megalomania | ||
| μακρος | makros | long, (large) | macrocephaly |
| μικρος | mikros | small | microscope |
| πας | pas (pan-, pant-) | all |
pantheon, pantomime |
| πολυς | polys (poly-) | (much), many | polygamy |
| ψευδης | pseudēs (pseud-) | false | pseudonym |
| Table 22.1: TRIAL SAMPLE OF GREEK VERBS | ||||
| VERB ROOT | ENGLISH MEANING | PRESENT INFINITIVE | ||
| θε- | the– | “place” | τιθεναι | (“to place”) |
| δο- | do– | “give” | διδοναι | (“to give”) |
| στα- | sta– | “stand” | ἱσταναι | (“to stand”) |
| κρι- | kri– | “divide,” “judge” | κρινειν | (“to judge”) |
| λυ- | ly– | “loosen,” “set free” | λυειν | (“to loosen”) |
| Table 22.2: OTHER GREEK VERBS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES | |
| VERB ROOT (English meaning) | ENGLISH DERIVATIVES |
| gen-,[1] genē-, gon- (be born) | genesis, dysgenesis, genetic, gene, eugenics, gonad, gonorrhoea, cosmogony, theogony, oxygen, hydrogen, pathogen(ic), carcinogen(ic), parthenogenesis (< παρθενος, “virgin”) |
| path-, pathē- (suffer, feel) | pathos, pathetic, sympathy, empathy, apathy, apathetic, antipathy, antipathetic(al), pathology, psychopath, etc. |
| pher-, phor-, (bear, carry) | periphery, euphoria, dysphoria, semaphore, phosphorus, phosphorescence (form?) |
| leg-, log-, (speak; gather) | -logy (-λογια, §110), dialect, dialectic, eclectic, dialogue (διαλογος > L dialogus), monologue, prologue, epilogue, apology, eulogy, anthology |
| graph-, gram- (write) | -graph and -graphia (-γραφος, -γραφια, §110); gram, anagram, diagram, epigram, program(me), programmatic, telegram, grammatical, grammar |
| skop-, skep- (watch, examine) | -scope and -scopia (-σκοπος, -σκοπια, §110); sceptic (skeptic), scepticism, episcopal, bishop < ἐπισκοπος (“overseer”) |
| trop- (turn) | trope, tropic(al), tropism, heliotrope |
| stroph-, streph- (turn, twist) | strophe, antistrophe, apostrophe, catastrophe, streptococcus |
| stol- (send) | apostle, apostolic, epistle, diastole |
| kryp-, kryph- (hide) | crypt (κρυπ-τος), cryptic (κρυπ-τικος), apocryphal cryptogram |
| phy- (grow) | neophyte; G φυσις = L natura; physics, physical, metaphysical, physio- |
| aisthē- (feel, perceive) | aesthete, (a)esthetic, anaesthetic, anaesthesia |
| agōg- (lead) | synagogue, demagogue (δημ-αγωγος), pedagogue |
| ball-, bol-, blē- (throw) | ballistics (via Latin), symbol, problem, emblem, hyperbole, hyperbola, parabola, parable, diabolic(al), anabolism, embolism, metabolism |
| pha-, phē- (speak) | aphasia, dysphasia, euphemism, dysphemism, prophet (προφητης > L prophēta), prophetic, prophecy (προφητεια), prophesy, blaspheme |
| pha(i)n, pha- (show, appear) | phase, emphasis, emphatic, phenomenon (pl. -a), epiphany, theophany, diaphanous, phantasy (fantasy and fantastic show Latinized spelling) |
| hora-, op(t)– (see) | optic (ὀπ-τικος), synopsis, synoptic, autopsy, biopsy, optometrist, optician (hybrid), panorama, cyclorama, diorama |
| rheu-, rho-, rheo- (flow) | rheum, rheumatic, rheumatoid, rheostat, catarrh, diarrhoea (diarrhea), gonorrhoea |
| tak- (arrange) | syntax (συνταξις < *sun-tak-sis), tactic(al), tactician, taxidermy |
- cf. Latin gen-, as in genus, generis; progeny and progenitor are Latin derivatives. ↵
